著者

李 美奈

出版者

日本宗教学会

雑誌

宗教研究 (ISSN:03873293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.3, pp.49-73, 2019 (Released:2020-03-30)

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近世イタリアでは市民の道徳の発達と共に、キリスト教徒とユダヤ教徒の差別化の論理から非道徳的なユダヤ人ステレオタイプが作られた。本論は『ヘブライ人の状況についての議論』において、一七世紀ヴェネツィアのラビ、シモーネ・ルッツァットがこの偏見にどのように反論し、かつユダヤ教を守ることを試みたかを明らかにした。ルッツァットはユダヤ教を特殊な儀礼と普遍的な道徳性に分け、前者はユダヤ人のみが自由意志で守るが、後者は全人類が積極的に共有すべきとした。これは近代に似た宗教観念と言えるが、他方で個人はまず儀礼を通して繋がり、その外で道徳性によって異教徒と関係を持つと主張し、近代と異なる社会観念も持つ。この見解を当時の社会背景から考察し、ルッツァットがユダヤ教も兄弟団と同様に道徳的教えを持ちヴェネツィアの秩序に貢献するとしつつ、儀礼に関しては外国人組合nationeに認められた慣習法に落とし込み、ヴェネツィア当局の統治方針に合わせて議論していると結論づけた。

著者

李 美奈

出版者

東京大学文学部宗教学研究室

雑誌

東京大学宗教学年報 = ANNUAL REVIEW OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES (ISSN:02896400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.197-213, 2017-03-31

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During early modern period, the Jews in Italy became collectively mentioned in conducts (condotta) for settlement in Italian City-States, as well as in books written for Christians by Jews themselves, such as Historia dei riti Hebraici (L. Modena). On the other hand, the Jews in Italy varied considerably in customs, rites, and social status. How did they socially identify themselves within these multiple categories? This paper focuses on Leone Modena's identities in daily lives in the Venice ghetto, depicted in his autobiography. First, a general view on jewish settlement and regulation of them shows that condotta, which regulated the Jews under each city’s policy, invaded effects of halakhah or rabbinic judgement. A study on Modena's perspective on community in his autobiography demonstrates that he tended to recognize Jewish communities as homogeneous groups within each city, rather than as universal Jews or divided groups on customs. He formed self-identity as a part of the Venetian Jewish community, and pursued righteousness of communal rites and studies. His view was probably influenced by condotta, developed by negotiating with the Venetian city-state as a representative of the community and controlling communal people generally. The definition of condotta “Natione,” which originally occurred within international trades in Europe and was used by foreign merchant groups as a juridical personality, controlled its members and conformed a distinctive uniformity. It can be said that control under condotta developed a Jewish conceptual uniformity, and led Leone to search for righteousness, in other words “Jewishness”.