著者
久保田 泰夫 Yasuo KUBOTA 東京工芸大学芸術学部基礎教育課程 Division of Liberal Arts and Science Faculty of Arts Tokyo Polytechnic University
雑誌
東京工芸大学芸術学部紀要 = Bulletin, Faculty of Arts, Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics (ISSN:13418696)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, pp.57-69, 1997

This paper is intended to provide the Japanese readers with some idea of the organization and the argument of Roger Williams' The Blovdy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience published unanimously in London in the summer of 1644. This book is considered as the most important of Williams' writings, and has most often been referred to in the academic discussion of the protracted argument between Willimas and John Cotton over religious liberty and the church/state relationship. Essential points of Williams' argument are presented succinctly and straightforwardly in the three prefaces of the book rather than its main body ; which, in the form of dialogue between two imaginary sisters, Peace and Truth, and full of Scriptural and historical references, consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to Williams' confutation of Cotton's reply to the plea for religious liberty which was allegedly written by an Anabaptist imprisoned in Newgate. The second part is Williams' examination and criticism of A Model of Church and Civil Power composed by New England ministers to defend the cooperation of the church and the civil government. That part will be dealt with in another paper. In the present paper, I intend to focus on an accurate philological interpretation of main points of Williams' argument in the prefaces and first half of his book and also to trace his Separatist principles to a fifteenth-century French theologian Sebastien Castellion.
著者
牟田 淳 Atsushi MUTA 東京工芸大学芸術学部基礎教育課程 Division of Liberal Arts and Science Faculty of Arts Tokyo Polytechnic University
雑誌
東京工芸大学芸術学部紀要 = Bulletin, Faculty of Arts, Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, pp.65-73, 2017

Focusing on the relationship between the preferred shape and the aspect ratio, we selected the face as an example of shape and examined the relationship between the preferred face and the facial aspect ratio, based on the hairstyle. We carried out this examination with about 1000 participants in Japan and the West respectively. To determine the aspect ratio of the face, we classified the hairstyle into three types: The hairstyle that revealed the forehead; the hairstyle that concealed the forehead with the front hair dangling; the hairstyle with the front hair divided. These three hairstyles are classified as the elongated face, the not elongated face, and the middle elongated face respectively.As a result, we found that the middle elongated face is favored by about 40 percent of participants and is the most favored of the three hairstyles, statistically. The elongated face and the not elongated face were also each favored both by about 30 percent of participants. Comparing the results that show that a square rectangle is most favored statistically, we found that the preferred aspect ratio of shapes is different between rectangles and faces.Conversely, in the West, we found that the elongated face is favored by more than 90 percent of participants; the results of which are similar to the results that show that a golden rectangle is relatively favored in a rectangle case.
著者
牟田 淳 Atsushi MUTA 東京工芸大学芸術学部基礎教育課程 Division of Liberal Arts and Science Faculty of Arts Tokyo Polytechnic University
出版者
東京工芸大学芸術学部
雑誌
芸術世界 = 東京工芸大学芸術学部紀要 = Artworld : Bulletin of Faculty of Arts, Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics (ISSN:13493450)
巻号頁・発行日
no.23, pp.65-73, 2017

Focusing on the relationship between the preferred shape and the aspect ratio, we selected the face as an example of shape and examined the relationship between the preferred face and the facial aspect ratio, based on the hairstyle. We carried out this examination with about 1000 participants in Japan and the West respectively. To determine the aspect ratio of the face, we classified the hairstyle into three types: The hairstyle that revealed the forehead; the hairstyle that concealed the forehead with the front hair dangling; the hairstyle with the front hair divided. These three hairstyles are classified as the elongated face, the not elongated face, and the middle elongated face respectively.As a result, we found that the middle elongated face is favored by about 40 percent of participants and is the most favored of the three hairstyles, statistically. The elongated face and the not elongated face were also each favored both by about 30 percent of participants. Comparing the results that show that a square rectangle is most favored statistically, we found that the preferred aspect ratio of shapes is different between rectangles and faces.Conversely, in the West, we found that the elongated face is favored by more than 90 percent of participants; the results of which are similar to the results that show that a golden rectangle is relatively favored in a rectangle case.
著者
鈴木 万里 Mari SUZUKI 東京工芸大学芸術学部基礎教育課程 Division of Liberal Arts and Science Faculty of Arts Tokyo Polytechnic University
出版者
東京工芸大学芸術学部
雑誌
芸術世界 (ISSN:13493450)
巻号頁・発行日
no.13, pp.87-96, 2007

The relationship of women and literature changed radically by the mid eighteenth century in England. Samuel Richardson's Pamela, which has been often called 'the first novel', focuses the inner experience of a woman. It gave such a great impact upon the society that it determined the heroine type of the following novels throughout the century ; young, beautiful, modest, and vulnerable. It also represented gender positions and politics ; man provided with wealth, being superior, and woman deprived and dependent, inferior. Women had been disadvantaged because of some changes in kinship structures, economic processes, and legal arrangements by the beginning of the century. They first encountered a serious problem of an alienated self. The situation often placed a woman as the main character of the novel. In spite of the realism tradition of the English novels, women writers sometimes adopt a "romance" structure, the traditional pattern from the classic period, in which a prince or a princess is abandoned, adopted and raised by a kind shepherd, eventually recovers his/her original status and wealth. Although this story appears to be a kind of anachronism in the modern bourgeois society, it flourishes in the best-seller novels by women at the end of 18th century. Four novels will be discussed in this article ; Evelina (1778) by Frances Burney, Emmeline (1788) by Charlotte Smith, A Simple Story (1791) by Elizabeth Inchbald and The Romance of the Forest by Ann Radcliffe (1791). These novels bear an implicit resentment of women deprived of the resources to support themselves, trying to convey a challenging message under the disguise of a conservative attitude to the maledominated society.