著者

五十嵐 八枝子 五十嵐 恒夫 大丸 裕武 山田 治 宮城 豊彦 松下 勝秀 平松 和彦

出版者

Japan Association for Quaternary Research

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.89-105, 1993-05-31 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

31 37

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北海道北部の剣淵盆地と中央部富良野盆地で14C年代の測定と花粉分析により約32,000年間の植生変遷史を復元した. 25,000~32,000yrs BPはエゾマツ/アカエゾマツを主とし, グイマツを混じえたタイガ, 16,000~25,000yrs BP (極相期) は現在のサハリン北部に見られるステップとグイマツ, ハイマツを主とする疎林 (北部) およびグイマツ, ハイマツを主とするタイガ (中央部)が発達した. 12,000~16,000yrs BPは北部でグイマツが衰え, エゾマツ/アカエゾマツとカバノキを主とする森林が発達した. 10,000~12,000yrs BPに著しい寒さの戻り (剣淵亜氷期) があり, グイマツは極相期の規模に回復した. 8,000~10,000yrs BPにグイマツは絶滅し, 8,000yrs BPにコナラ属が急増して現在の森林が形成された.

著者

松下 勝

出版者

Japan Association for Quaternary Research

雑誌

第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.273-278, 1989-03-31 (Released:2009-08-21)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

1 1

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In carrying out archaeological excavations and studies on remains of rice paddy fields, many problems cannot be solved without the help of the methods and techniques of natural science. Several such problems of considerable importance are detecting the sites, analyzing for what purpose they were used, clarifying the system for their utilization, establishing their chronology, estimating the harvest, determining the factors allowing for the existence of the rice paddy fields, their surrounding environment, and the effects of their cultivation on the natural environment.Observation of the soil section combined with pollen analysis has been successfully used in detecting the horizon of the site. Investigation of macro-remains of culture plants and other weeds contributed to recognition of the difference between rice paddy fields and dry agricultural fields, or to determining whether a rice field was dry or wet. Conventionally, in estimating a rice harvest, not only archaeological, but also bibliographical or agricultural methods have been applied. Analysis of plant opal, developed in recent years, reveals itself as a method superior to these conventional ones. To analyze the factors which made possible the establishment of the site, the methods mentioned above-for example, reconstruction of paleo-vegetation based on the pollen analysis-have been used. Recently, a method which could be referred to as micro-scale topographyenvironment analysis has been used successfully in investigating the relationship between rice field cultivation and topography and water supply.The number of branches of archaeology in which methods of natural science can be used successfully will increase also in the future. We should be aware, however, that analysis of archaeological material seldom yields any positive result unless the archaeologist, in consultation with the natural scientist, has a clear aim in utilizing such analyses. Establishing a data base to accumulate the archaeological data yielded by methods of natural science is necessary; such a data base may be useful for many disciplines in archaeological studies. More important, however, is the careful observation of sites in situ to establish the correct chronology of multi-layered archaeological sites and to estimate the time gap between succeeding layers, because the factors controlling the duration of cultivation of a rice field are multidimensional.