3 0 0 0 OA 日本の生活改善運動と普及制度
- 著者
- 水野 正己
- 出版者
- 国際開発学会
- 雑誌
- 国際開発研究 (ISSN:13423045)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.11, no.2, pp.39-51, 2002-11-15 (Released:2020-03-28)
- 参考文献数
- 36
Japan has a long history of Rural Life Improvement Movements (R-LIMs). In this paper, we focus on the prewar and postwar R-LIMs with a special emphasis on agricultural extension systems through which development policy message is transmitted from the state to the grassroots people. There were four major R-LIMs in the prewar period and they were always introduced at the time of agricultural crisis in order to save the rural economy by means of various compulsory belt-tightening campaigns with a result that upliftment of the levels of rural living standard was largely neglected. The postwar Rural Life Improvement Program (R-LIP) started in 1948 with the new agricultural extention systems which have totally different characteristics from those of the prewar period; farmwives were actively involved in small group activities for the improvement of everyday life in the farming community. Female extensionists responsible for home improvement advisory services played a vital role of organizing groups of the female members of farming families. The innovative methods of problem-solving and empowering these group members were invented by those female extensionists and they had far-reaching effects with a result that the female participants in the R-LIP have become independent farm women as well as rural female entrepreneurs. They are the main actors of today's village revitalization projects in Japan's countryside. In addition to the R-LIP, various social development programs including nutritional improvement campaigns, national mosquito-and-fly eradication campaign, and adult education promotion through rural public hall activities were also implemented in the countryside. Among them, the nutritional improvement campaigns and the national mosquito-and-fly eradication campaign sponsored by the Health Ministry were most positively accepted and carrtied out in a village-all-inclusive manner with very successful results. However, these projcts were largely dependent on traditional, existing local organizations, such as housewives associations and rural youth associations, so that the campaigns easily became less enthusiastic once the original purposes were fulfilled. Based on the experiences of Japan's R-LIMs, some implications to today's rural development in the devloping countries are pointed out. First, the importance of simultaneous implimentation of R-LIPs and techno-economic improvements should be emphasized. Second, the R-LIPs is essencially multi-sectoral, so that harmonious relations and coordination among the implementing agencies involved are highly required. Third, successful rural development projects depend on effective development communication channels in order not only to deliver central policy message to the locals, but also to translate the policy message into acceptable forms according to the local socio-cultural conditions.
1 0 0 0 OA 中国の対アフリカ政策の学際的分析
平成23年度から平成25年度まで3年間の研究活動を通じて、本研究テーマの趣旨に則した情報収集・分析や現地調査を行い、予期した成果を得られたと考える。各年度において、中国、南アフリカ、台湾からの研究者を招いてワークショップを開催し、本研究のメンバー全員は参加し、報告した。日本国内では、研究会を開き、研究の進捗や途中経過報告などを行った。3回にわたって述べ8カ国(南アフリカ共和国、ボツワナ、マラウイ、ナミビア、レソト、タンザニア、ルワンダ、ウガンダ)にて現地調査を行った。また、アフリカに関する著作を出版する予定し、論文を学術誌に発表することによって、日本社会に還元することができると確信する。