著者

池上 俊三

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.247, pp.129-139, 2008-09-25

被引用文献数

2

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The Japanese optical industry started with the outbreak of World War One when the import of the optical weapons was suspended. The Imperial Japanese Navy made a decision to produce them domestically. The optical factory of the Naval Arsenal in Tsukiji succeeded in making an original rangefinder for preproduction purposes. In this paper, I would like to discuss the technology transformation process of the Japanese optical industry by verifying the technological progress of Japanese rangefinders. The database of the Industrial Property Digital Library is used. The early composition of the Japanese optical industry was the Naval Arsenal factory and two private companies closely associated with the government (i.e. Nippon Kogaku K.K. and Tokyo Gasu Denki K.K.). The new optical design technology (ray tracing method) was introduced to the Naval Arsenal by Kogoro Yamada from England independently from the German engineers whom Nippon Kogaku K.K. invited. However, due to the disarmament by the Washington Naval Treaty, the Naval Arsenal was closed and the optical factory of Tokyo Gasu Denki K.K. was also shut down despite its high technological level. As a result rangefinder and optical glass manufacturing technology was transferred to Nippon Kogaku K.K. from the Naval Arsenal which became a single powerful optical company. It was made clear in this paper that the technological level of the Japanese optical industry was self-reliant by early the Showa era through close cooperation between military, industry and academic.

著者

池上 俊三

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.255, pp.129-142, 2010-09-24

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of optical design technology of Japanese photographic lenses by analyzing some historical documents of optical designs, patent specifications and the correspondence between Ryozo Furukawa (an engineer of Nippon Kogaku K.K.) and Tatsuhiko Arakawa (an employee of Nippon Kogaku K.K.). The first Japanese photographic lens "Hexar" was developed by Hiroo Mouri of Rokuoh-sha with the assistance of Kogoro Yamada (an engineering officer of the Imperial Japanese Navy) in 1931. It was manufactured making use of Seidel's formulae and ray-tracing. Kakuya Sunayama (a designing manager of Nippon Kogaku K.K.) directed photographic lens technology in Nippon Kogaku K.K. from 1928 to 1937. Photographic lens technology is dual-use technology. In both cases, the demand by the military that needed aerial cameras advanced photographic lens technology. Later this outcome was transferred to civilian use. The military demanded high quality photographic lenses which met the high cost. Up until about 1935, private companies had sophisticated optical design technology and mass production facilities for photographic lenses. They also owned the data of the photographic lens designs and the technological accumulation of optical designing. It has become clear that the Japanese "original optical designs of photographic lenses" were established around 1938.

著者

池上 俊三

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.255, pp.129-142, 2010 (Released:2021-08-02)

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of optical design technology of Japanese photographic lenses by analyzing some historical documents of optical designs, patent specifications and the correspondence between Ryozo Furukawa (an engineer of Nippon Kogaku K.K.) and Tatsuhiko Arakawa (an employee of Nippon Kogaku K.K.). The first Japanese photographic lens "Hexar " was developed by Hiroo Mouri of Rokuoh-sha with the assistance of Kogoro Yamada (an engineering officer of the Imperial Japanese Navy) in 1931. It was manufactured making use of Seidel's formulae and ray-tracing. Kakuya Sunayama (a designing manager of Nippon Kogaku K.K.) directed photographic lens technology in Nippon Kogaku K.K. from 1928 to 1937. Photographic lens technology is dual-use technology. In both cases, the demand by the military that needed aerial cameras advanced photographic lens technology. Later this outcome was transferred to civilian use. The military demanded high quality photographic lenses which met the high cost. Up until about 1935, private companies had sophisticated optical design technology and mass production facilities for photographic lenses. They also owned the data of the photographic lens designs and the technological accumulation of optical designing. It has become clear that the Japanese "original optical designs of photographic lenses " were established around 1938.

著者

池上 俊三

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.247, pp.129-139, 2008 (Released:2021-08-04)

---

The Japanese optical industry started with the outbreak of World War One when the import of the optical weapons was suspended. The Imperial Japanese Navy made a decision to produce them domestically. The optical factory of the Naval Arsenal in Tsukiji succeeded in making an original rangefinder for preproduction purposes. In this paper, I would like to discuss the technology transformation process of the Japanese optical industry by verifying the technological progress of Japanese rangefinders. The database of the Industrial Property Digital Library is used. The early composition of the Japanese optical industry was the Naval Arsenal factory and two private companies closely associated with the government (i.e. Nippon Kogaku K.K. and Tokyo Gasu Denki K.K.). The new optical design technology (ray tracing method) was introduced to the Naval Arsenal by Kogoro Yamada from England independently from the German engineers whom Nippon Kogaku K.K. invited. However, due to the disarmament by the Washington Naval Treaty, the Naval Arsenal was closed and the optical factory of Tokyo Gasu Denki K.K. was also shut down despite its high technological level. As a result rangefinder and optical glass manufacturing technology was transferred to Nippon Kogaku K.K. from the Naval Arsenal which became a single powerful optical company. It was made clear in this paper that the technological level of the Japanese optical industry was self-reliant by early the Showa era through close cooperation between military, industry and academic.

著者

相羽 裕子 荒毛 将史 小川 隆昭 伊原 良奈 牛島 雅子 富塚 有次 池上 俊三

出版者

航空医学実験隊

雑誌

航空医学実験隊報告 (ISSN:00232858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.1-19, 2015 (Released:2020-04-11)

参考文献数

86

被引用文献数

1

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Pilot aptitude tests are used to select capable candidates. In particular, military aviation requires effective pilot aptitude tests because military pilots have to operate complex cutting-edge combat fighters in a rigorous environment. The pilot aptitude tests have developed since WWI (World War I), and have been refined over the decades. In most military pilot aptitude test batteries, paper-and-pencil and apparatus tests (electro-mechanical apparatus) have been used to evaluate cognitive abilities of candidates. Recently, as computer technology has become both cheaper and more efficient, some kinds of computer-based tests have been introduced into most countries. However, the computer-based test has not been implemented in the Japan Air Self-Defense Force yet. We reviewed many cumulative literatures about the pilot selection system and described the present situation and problems involved in improving the pilot selection system. This review article addressed the objective of pilot selection, cognitive and non-cognitive abilities that are important for pilots, the history of pilot selection, and the method for the development of pilot selection system.

著者

相羽 裕子 荒毛 将史 小川 隆昭 伊原 良奈 牛島 雅子 柴田 ゆみ 池上 俊三

出版者

航空医学実験隊

雑誌

航空医学実験隊報告 (ISSN:00232858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.41-54, 2015 (Released:2020-04-11)

参考文献数

52

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This review summarizes many cumulative literatures about the pilot aptitude tests and describes the present situation and problems involved in development of the pilot aptitude test. This part of the review (Part 2) addresses the present and future of the pilot aptitude test in the United States Air Force and the Japan Air Self-defense Force (JASDF). In addition, we focus on the study of multitasking ability, development of new pilot aptitude test in the JASDF and applied possibility of the methods in neurocognitive science. We also discuss the future issues about pilot aptitude test. Throughout the review, the organization which uses the pilot aptitude test should evaluate the reliability and predictive validity of the test periodically and flexibly. Then the organization should consider the improvement plan by using the achievement of the advanced research.

著者

今城 実 三井 尚之 池上 俊三

出版者

防衛庁技術研究本部

雑誌

防衛庁技術研究本部技報 (ISSN:09162852)

巻号頁・発行日

no.6839, pp.1-8, 2003-08