著者
河宮 信郎 山田 恭暉
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.167, pp.129-137, 1988 (Released:2021-09-06)

Research and experiments of continuous casting (CC) of steel in Japan were started in 1947. The first semicommercial facil ies were built in late 1950's with the intention of applying CC to quality special steels to which the CC technology had been supposed to be bestfit in consideration of yield ratio and energy economy. The CC for special steels, however, came to a standstill because the quality requirements to the final products were not fulfilled. Successful implementation of the CC took place firstly in the late 1960's, in production of low quality billets mainly for cement concrete reinforcing bars, where the CC worked as a labor-saving process. In parallel with the billet CC, large-section slabs for rather low grade steel plates began to be continuous-cast, where the CC worked as an energy-saving and capital-saving (enabling omission of blooming mill) process. The slab CC achieved a high productivity compatible to that of basic 'oxygen furnaces but still failed to meet the steel quality required for sheet production. Essential contribution to the development of the CC technology came from practical know hows and improved equipments brought about by above-mentioned industrial operation for low grade steels rather than by the so-called R&D in laboratories. A further development of the CC technology especially in regard with steel quality and comparative-historical consideration thereabout will be given in a subsequent paper
著者
山田 恭輝 河宮 信郎
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.168, pp.207-214, 1988 (Released:2021-09-01)

This paper deals w h the later stages of the continuous casting (CC) technology in the steel industry of Japan, while our previous paper described the history of CC from s introduction to the early stages of commercial implementations. From late 196〇,s, the CC technology had been reinforced by several auxiliary and peripheral techniques. Firstly, nonmetallic inclusions and surface defects were reduced by introduction of large sized tundishes, immersion nozzles, vacuum degassing with argon bubbling, and powder casting. Such reinforcing techniques (RITs) en masse enabled CC (killed) steel slabs to replace rimmed steel ingots for thin sheets, the main product of the integrated steel mills. Another notable RIT, electromagnetic stirring, became available in late 19?〇,s, which remarkably improved metallurgical structure and minimized segregation of elements in CC blooms. This method in concert with the above-mentioned RITs was successfully applied tQ casting of special steel blooms for mechanical use products. Thus the CC technology grew to meet most kinds of steels and, by 1985, to replace ingot casting process almost entirely. Through the history of Co, it is noted that those various RITs were developed in the course of mass production of low grade products. Such situation can be compared to the history of the semiconductor industry where basic advancement of transistor and IC technologies took place in production of popular goods such as portable radios, quartz-oscillator watches and/or pocket calculators.
著者
河宮 信郎 Nobuo KAWAMIYA
出版者
中京大学文化科学研究所
雑誌
文化科学研究 (ISSN:09156461)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.2, pp.1-14, 2005

英語文型に関しては、Onions以来の伝統的な5文型論がながらく標準であった。しかし、副詞を文型要素から一律に排除することは不合理であり、5文型では原理的にカバーできない構文が多数あった。R.Quirkらはこの点を是正し、「7文型論」を提起した。これにより、英語構文をひろくカバーできるようになった(網羅性の向上)。これをさらに改良したものが安藤貞雄の「8文型論」である。なお、「8文型」の枠に収まらない「派生文型」が4種ある。構文に対する網羅性を高めるために、文型数を増やすと簡明さや一覧可能性が損なわれる。高い網羅性と簡明さを兼ね備えた文型システムが望まれる。本考察は、8文型論の再検討と拡張によってこの課題に答えることを試みる。自動詞の文型はSV;SV+A or C;SVC+A or zのいずれかである。これを包括的にSVXYと表す(空白の項を含む)。他動詞の文型はSVOXで、Xは空白(Null)、O、A、or Cのいずれかである。本考察によれば、自動詞文型SVXY、他動詞文型SVOXに対して、文型要素の個数と品詞的機能からX、Yを容易に決めうる。この方法によれば、「派生文型」を含めた一般の構文に対して、的確な文型分析を簡明かつ迅速に行うことができる。