著者
津田 憂子
出版者
ロシア・東欧学会
雑誌
ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2005, no.34, pp.109-121, 2005 (Released:2010-05-31)
参考文献数
27

For countries that have achieved democratization—or are in the process of democ-ratization—it seems that the design of political institutions has important implications for the consolidation of democracy. The Soviet Union was in the process of democratization in the late 1980s, as were other Communist countries, and the Soviet Union/Russia was also faced with the choice of a new democratic political institution. The presidential system was eventually established in 1990 (the Soviet Union) and in 1991 (Russia) .Naturally, many factors explain the choice of a political institution. What factors had the most critical influence on the choice of a new political institution in the Soviet Union/Russia, under Perestroika? The purpose of this paper is to explore this question, reflecting upon the realities of Soviet Union/Russia. The main points can be summarized as follows.Firstly, the political situation of the Soviet Union/Russia, 1990-1993, is analyzed; the introduction of the presidential system and the scope of presidential powers are specifically examined. Secondly, changes of the newly-chosen political institution are explained. Overall, this paper will deal with conflicts between president and parliament over new draft constitution. Which type of draft constitution was finally enacted, and by what processes was it enacted? Finally, this paper will highlight the “actor/elite” factor that markedly influenced institutional choice at the time.
著者
津田 憂子
出版者
研究・イノベーション学会
雑誌
年次学術大会講演要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, pp.258-262, 2017-10-28

一般講演要旨
著者
津田 憂子
出版者
早稲田大学
雑誌
若手研究(スタートアップ)
巻号頁・発行日
2007

現行のロシア憲法制定過程で草案作成に関与した法律家、政府及び議会関係者に対するインタビューを現地で実施し、ソ連崩壊後のロシアでどのように制度が設計されてきたかに関する実証的研究を行った。実証的研究と並行して、制度設計に関する比較政治学の既存理論とロシアにおける理論研究を合わせた体系的な理論構築を行い、最終的には実証と理論という2つの視座から本研究の仮説を論証することを目指した。