著者

財津 亘 渋谷 友祐 長谷川 直宏

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.83-92, 2008 (Released:2008-04-19)

参考文献数

28

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Offender profiling is one of the tools of decision making for criminal investigation. It is a set of techniques to infer characteristics of an unknown offender, such as sex, age bracket, lifestyle, psychological feature, previous crime, inhabited area, from the information which is left at the crime scene.   In this article, we proposed a tool of decision-making for criminal investigation from the perspective of prediction of an uncertain event by the use of a Bayesian Network (BN). BN is a probability model that describes causal structure of events as chain networks of conditional probability, and is capable to predict the possibility of uncertain events.   To examine the validity of the constructed model, firstly, we divided previous offenders’ information of the indoor-sex-offence cases into a training data (9,859 cases) and validation data (50 cases). Secondly, we constructed a model from the training data by means of K2 and MDL (minimum description length) as search-algorithm and information criteria, respectively. Finally, the validity of the model was examined by the validation data as virtual cases.   According to the model, 21 target variables (16 behavioral variables, 2 vehicle variables and 3 victim variables) linked the explanatory variable (employment) directly, and most of these variables related to the employment. The results of the model validity showed that the accuracy of predicting the employment increased 10% higher when the age bracket could be estimated from the testimony of the victim.   The results indicated that the BN model of the offender profiling would be able to provide valuable information for decision making for crime investigation. To predict characteristics of an unknown offender more accurately, it is crucial to select more appropriate information criteria and develop the search-algorithm, as well as to construct the database from more accurate information.

著者

財津 亘 渋谷 友祐

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.3, pp.209-217, 2013-08-25 (Released:2013-11-01)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2

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The effects of recollection and familiarity on recognition memory in the Concealed Information Test (CIT) were investigated. In the learning phase, participants encoded 20 words that were presented in one of four frames on a personal computer screen. Next, in the recognition test, the participants were divided into “Remember judgment (Recollection)” or “Know judgment (Familiarity)” groups, based on their Remember/Know judgment when recognizing learned items. In the CIT phase, physiological responses to questions about learned (i.e., critical) and non-learned (i.e., non-critical) items were measured and recorded. The results indicated that there was a deceleration of respiration speed (RS), an increase in skin conductance response (SCR), and a drop in heart rate in responses to critical items for both groups. Furthermore, the effect sizes of RS and SCR were greater in the “Remember judgment” group compared to the “Know judgment” group. These results suggest that critical response patterns are generated by recollection and familiarity. However, the more vividly participants recognized critical items the larger were the magnitudes of RS and SCR response patterns.