著者

田島 則行 出口 敦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.773, pp.1469-1479, 2020 (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1

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In the USA, central cities once became hollow and suburban sprawl expanded since 1960’s, and large decrease and decay had experienced during 70’s and 80’s. While housing and urban policies has developed, the system of community initiative organization or Community Development Corporation (CDC), was one by one structured and it had made great achievement after the latter half of 80’s. And now there are more than 4, 600 CDCs throughout the states. CDCs are grass roots organizations and within the declining aspect, which is any private investors or public institutes may withdraw, they can revitalize buildings or areas with its legal, tax, and financial advantages. South Bronx is the target in this research, which is situated in the south of Borough of the Bronx, NYC. There is no other city in the states that a city once extremely devastated and then dramatically regenerated. Within the worst adversity, residents rose up, governments, administrations, politicians, journalists, and bankers or specialists on finances were joined, and South Bronx became a social experimental site that produced many new and advanced systems and organization structures. In this research, it focuses on the organizing process of CDCs in South Bronx. It also aims to clarify the system how it can be effective in the declining phase. This researches were mainly done with the investigations on related documents and the field surveys at South Bronx. In the second chapter, the organizing process is arranged into five periods in reference to social background and the housing policy changes, and this organizing process are disclosed. The grassroots residential activities rather invented the local revitalizing process and these small ‘neighborhood’ activities had gradually become effective. In the third chapter, through interview surveys done with CDCs in South Bronx, the roles of organizations such as CDCs, supporting organizations and networks are described. Four types of organizations are listed and organized as follows: 1. Predecessor organizations of CDC, 2. Supporting organizations CDC’s development, 3. CDCs towed South Bronx regeneration and 4. Supporting organizations of CDC’s projects. The forth chapter works out CDC’s system and project scheme for affordable housings. As it was described in this research, the major characteristics of CDC’s advantage is that indirect and incentive ingenuities such as rental support of Section 8, tax credit of Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and Red-lining prohibition. These become a system inviting private investment and giving the financial stabilities to CDC’s affordable housing schemes, and that can make urban revitalization possible even in the difficult and declining phase of cities.