著者

白 尚燁

出版者

北海道大学

巻号頁・発行日

2016-03-24

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The present dissertation examines the Tungusic languages from the perspective ofareal linguistics, centering on the southern Bikin dialect of Udihe. This study mainlyconsists of four syntactic issues: (i) third person marking on finite indicative forms, (ii)the converbal ending *-mi, (iii) conditional forms, and (iv) correlatives.First, taking the four typological parameters, namely obligatorily distinct,optionally distinct, non-distinct, and non-person marking types in terms of numberdistinction, the analysis demonstrates distinct patterns of third person marking on finiteindicative forms in Tungusic in accordance with areal distribution, strikingly similar tothose of neighboring languages. Second, the functional differences of the converbalending *-mi among the Tungusic languages are analyzed with the employment of thecross-linguistic morpho-syntactic and semantic typological standards of converbs froman areal perspective in relationship with the adjacent languages. Third, based on switchreferenceand semantic classification for conditionals, different syntactic characteristicsof conditional forms in Tungusic according to geographical distribution are clarifiedfrom the viewpoint of areal linguistics. Lastly, correlatives, the WH pronoun in thesubordinate clause corresponding with the WH or DEM pronoun in the main clause, arerevealed to show gradual syntactic variations among the Tungusic languages insimilarity with those of Russian and Chinese correlatives depending on geographicalposition, in terms of correlative types and verb forms in the correlative clause.In conclusion, the syntactic differences among the Tungusic languages stronglycorrelate with areal distribution, classified into three groups; (i) North Tungusic, (ii)East Tungusic, and (iii) South Tungusic. First of all, North Tungusic, spoken in thenorthern Siberian region, shares similar syntactic characteristics with Kolima Yukaghir,Sakha, Russian, and Mongolic. Second, East Tungusic in the Russian Far East retains thegrammatical features of Russian, Mongolic, and Chinese at low or intermediate levels.Third, South Tungusic languages inside the Chinese border are heavily influenced byMongolic and Chinese. Consequently, the areal-based distinctions among three Tungusicgroups at the syntactic level are attributed to the influences from different neighboringlanguages and different degrees of influence from the same adjacent languages.

著者

白 尚燁

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科

雑誌

北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.111-128, 2013-03-25

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This study aims to clarify the relationship between Udihe verbal derivational suffix –du and person marker. In conclusion, Udihe verbal suffix –du is proved to optionally work as the third person plural marker in the finite verb form, which is a very unique way for the Tungusic languages since most of Tungusic either optionally or necessarily marks the third plural person with the plural suffix -l. This unusual phenomenon is presumed to result from the fact that Udihe lost the common Tungusic nominal plural suffix –l in the process of phonetic change. The similar case of marking the third plural person with verbal derivational suffix in the finite verb is also found in Kirghiz of the Turkic languages.

著者

白 尚燁

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター = Center for Northern Humanities, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University

雑誌

北方人文研究 = Journal of the Center for Northern Humanities (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.103-119, 2013-03-31

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Most of the Tungusic languages have two forms (inclusive/exclusive) in the first plural pronoun, depending on whether it includes the addressee or not. It is possible to divide the previous works on the morphological analysis of Tungusic inclusive forms into the following two ways: 1) Tungusic inclusive consists of the first and second person pronoun, 2) it is composed of the first person pronoun with plural suffix in it. Reexamining these two studies above, this paper aims to clarify the morphological structure of inclusive in Tungusic by focusing on inclusive forms in the personal pronoun, declension and personal suffix. In conclusion, it is presumed to be difficult to determine how to reconstruct the base element of Old Tungusic inclusive forms since there is no solid phonological correspondence to prove it at the present stage. However, the chance that Tungusic inclusive has the plural suffix in it is considered to be high like some previous works mentioned. In addition, there have been some previous studies on inclusive or inclusive-like function with plural suffix in other Altaic (Mongolic, Turkic). Therefore, there may be a possibility in composing inclusive or inclusive-like function of using the plural element in the Altaic languages.