著者

西村 伸也 棒田 恵 渡部 裕樹 橋爪 隆一 小林 勉 石黒 翔梧 甲賀 達郎 横川 遥哉

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.759, pp.1049-1056, 2019 (Released:2019-05-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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For centuries, traditional townhouses and their villages have succeeded to the systems which are gradually transformed by the residents' demands of the times. Unique elements exist within a village's structure, space composition and its resident's behavior in relation to the natural environment, local climate and history. Heyai, a system of sharing the gap between townhouses by extending several rooms outward. These constructions eliminate the majority of space between neighboring houses. Dashidana, on the other hand, is a multi-functional space found in fishing villages, and along with Heyai, both are vital elements for the design of townhouses in Izumozaki, Niigata. The present study clarifies the characteristics of the spatial transformation of the townhouse focusing on Heyai, a townhouse frontage, as well as the renovation of a corridor, and Dashidana. The study examines the distribution of Heyai in relation to the frontage of the townhouse in Izumozaki. Additionally, the study analyzes the transformation of space composition and how Dashidana have been influenced by changes of the village's structure.  The following results and observations were obtained during the study.  1) Heyai, the system for sharing the gap between townhouses by extending rooms outward is common in Izumozaki. This area provides a shoe locker, Butsudan (a family altar), and a sink cabinet. 2) Gyoka (a fisher townhouse) tends to have a narrow frontage, with its Heyai mainly located on the "Kami (west)" side of Izumozaki. Alternatively, Syoka (a merchant townhouse) have wider fronts and Heyai are located on the "Shimo (east)" side of the village. 3) These townhouses possess Dashidana on the back-side, which is used as a working space for fishers, a drying space or storage. Architectural features of Dashidana such as its floor level, the texture of walls, floors and ceilings differ between fisher townhouses and townhouses owned by merchants. 4) The construction of a bypass road along the shore in approximately 1980 changed the village structure and prompted the establishment of a main entrance for visitors on the back side of the townhouse. 5) Changes in the village structure have led to a decrease in Dashidana, the renovation of the corridor floor and a change in the approach of the townhouse. 6) Visitors approach a fisher townhouse from the front or rear, however, as for a merchant townhouse, the approach is only made from the front. 7) In the case that a guest approaches from the rear of a fisher's townhouses, the townhouse whose receiving space is located on the front-side maintain the traditional way of living. Conversely, lifestyles are inverted for residents living in townhouses whose receiving space is located on the back-side.  Following the changes made to the village structure in Izumozaki, an approach from the back-side of the townhouse has become an important aspect of daily life. Moreover, there has been a transformation in the space composition related to the traditional space, Heyai, Dashidana, the renovation of the corridor floor and approach of the townhouse. The study clarified the systems in which residents of seaside townhouses have adapted to change by altering the function of certain rooms, but at the same time, maintained traditional space composition wherever possible.