著者
西村 伸也 棒田 恵 渡部 裕樹 橋爪 隆一 小林 勉 石黒 翔梧 甲賀 達郎 横川 遥哉
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.759, pp.1049-1056, 2019 (Released:2019-05-30)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1

For centuries, traditional townhouses and their villages have succeeded to the systems which are gradually transformed by the residents' demands of the times. Unique elements exist within a village's structure, space composition and its resident's behavior in relation to the natural environment, local climate and history. Heyai, a system of sharing the gap between townhouses by extending several rooms outward. These constructions eliminate the majority of space between neighboring houses. Dashidana, on the other hand, is a multi-functional space found in fishing villages, and along with Heyai, both are vital elements for the design of townhouses in Izumozaki, Niigata. The present study clarifies the characteristics of the spatial transformation of the townhouse focusing on Heyai, a townhouse frontage, as well as the renovation of a corridor, and Dashidana. The study examines the distribution of Heyai in relation to the frontage of the townhouse in Izumozaki. Additionally, the study analyzes the transformation of space composition and how Dashidana have been influenced by changes of the village's structure.  The following results and observations were obtained during the study.  1) Heyai, the system for sharing the gap between townhouses by extending rooms outward is common in Izumozaki. This area provides a shoe locker, Butsudan (a family altar), and a sink cabinet. 2) Gyoka (a fisher townhouse) tends to have a narrow frontage, with its Heyai mainly located on the "Kami (west)" side of Izumozaki. Alternatively, Syoka (a merchant townhouse) have wider fronts and Heyai are located on the "Shimo (east)" side of the village. 3) These townhouses possess Dashidana on the back-side, which is used as a working space for fishers, a drying space or storage. Architectural features of Dashidana such as its floor level, the texture of walls, floors and ceilings differ between fisher townhouses and townhouses owned by merchants. 4) The construction of a bypass road along the shore in approximately 1980 changed the village structure and prompted the establishment of a main entrance for visitors on the back side of the townhouse. 5) Changes in the village structure have led to a decrease in Dashidana, the renovation of the corridor floor and a change in the approach of the townhouse. 6) Visitors approach a fisher townhouse from the front or rear, however, as for a merchant townhouse, the approach is only made from the front. 7) In the case that a guest approaches from the rear of a fisher's townhouses, the townhouse whose receiving space is located on the front-side maintain the traditional way of living. Conversely, lifestyles are inverted for residents living in townhouses whose receiving space is located on the back-side.  Following the changes made to the village structure in Izumozaki, an approach from the back-side of the townhouse has become an important aspect of daily life. Moreover, there has been a transformation in the space composition related to the traditional space, Heyai, Dashidana, the renovation of the corridor floor and approach of the townhouse. The study clarified the systems in which residents of seaside townhouses have adapted to change by altering the function of certain rooms, but at the same time, maintained traditional space composition wherever possible.
著者
山形 純子 伊與田 浩志 西村 伸也
出版者
公益社団法人 日本食品科学工学会
雑誌
日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.10, pp.491-502, 2012-10-15 (Released:2012-11-30)
参考文献数
35

水蒸気を利用したオーブン加熱における被加熱物への伝熱形態別の伝熱量の時間変化を把握するために,気流の温度,湿度,流速が一定条件のもとで,湿らせたガーゼ球を試料として,加熱実験を行い,試料表面における熱収支に基づき,伝熱機構解析をおこなった.また,実機としてスチームコンベクションオーブンの伝熱機構解析を行った.その結果,以下のことが示された.(1) 気流温度,ガーゼ球表面温度および加熱前後のガーゼ球重量を測定することで,対流熱伝達係数を概算し,試料へ加えられた熱流束を形態別(対流,ふく射,伝導伝熱および凝縮伝熱)に分離し,各熱流束の時間変化を図示した.(2) 試料への伝熱形態別熱流束の時間変化を計算することで,試料水分変化量を推算し,推算結果と実測値がほぼ一致することを示した.(3) 実機であるスチコンの伝熱機構を,伝熱形態別熱流束の時間変化を図示することで示した.これにより,試料に加えられる総受熱量や凝縮熱量(凝縮水量),蒸発速度の大小を設定条件(気流温度,湿度,風速)により比較することが可能となった.
著者
伊與田 浩志 小西 洋太郎 井上 保 吉田 香梨 西村 伸也
出版者
The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan
雑誌
化学工学論文集 (ISSN:0386216X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.2, pp.167-172, 2006-03-20
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
1

アマランスの種子は栄養価が高く,また適切な条件下で加熱すると急激な水分蒸発と共に膨化(ポッピング)する性質を有しており,膨化は消化性が改善されるなど有用な加工法の一つである.本研究では,膨化に大きな影響を与える種子含水率に注目し,その調整と測定方法,ならびに機械的強度に与える影響について検討した.さらに,種子の初期含水率と気流温度が膨化による体積増加ならびに膨化後の性状に与える影響について,熱風として高温空気と過熱水蒸気を用いて流動床型の膨化装置により調べた.その結果,種子の初期含水率が約0.15,気流温度が約260°Cの高温空気中で,体積増加率は約8.7倍と最も大きくなった.また,気流温度が高いほど種子の変色が激しいことがわかった.一方,過熱水蒸気中では,体積増加率が最大となる初期含水率は,空気の場合よりもわずかに低くなる傾向がみられ,最大の体積増加率も空気中に比べてやや小さくなった.その原因は水蒸気の初期凝縮により,アマランス種皮の機械的強度が低下したためと考えられる.また,アマランス種子の水分吸着等温線より,体積増加率が最大となる含水率は,相対湿度の増加に対して,平衡含水率が急増し始める直前の含水率付近であり,それ以上の含水率では,体積増加率が減少するとともに,弾性率低下が顕著となることがわかった.また,これらの結果から最適な含水率に調整するための指針を示した.
著者
西村 伸也 廣江 真治 千々石 佳弘
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.467, pp.71-79, 1995
被引用文献数
6 2

The purpose of this study is to clarify the distinctive feature of "machiya" in Niigata, especially focused on the common-use space such as "hiawai", "dashiai" or "kuiawase" in Takada, Shirone and Tochio. The results of this study are as follows; (1) "Zashiki" in Takada, which has the family altar between the room and "do-ma", is used for Buddhist mass and formal reception. But "chano-ma" in Shirone with the family altar opposite side of "do-ma" is used for that. (2) The limited space between two houses are equipped for "tokono-ma", family altar, stairs, closet and so on. This is called as "hiawai" at Takada, "dashiai" at Shirone and "kuiawase" at Tochio in Niigata. (3) In Shirone "tokono-ma" and family altar are equipped as "dashiai" at "chano-ma". But "hiawai" in Takada dose not have so bigger depth to have these as "dashiai". For that, "zashiki" is furnished with the family altar at the side of "do-ma". (4) "Chano-ma" is void both in Takada and Shirone. "Machiya" of Takada has not the ceiling but Shirone. There is the relation between these difference and the shape of roof (the gable of "machiya" is faced to the street in Takada but the side of eaves is so in Shirone).
著者
伊與田 浩志 小西 洋太郎 吉田 香梨 西村 伸也 野邑 奉弘 吉田 正道
出版者
公益社団法人 化学工学会
雑誌
化学工学論文集 (ISSN:0386216X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.1, pp.94-99, 2003-01-20
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
4 6

大気圧の過熱水蒸気雰囲気下で食品を乾燥あるいは加工処理する方法は,食品が水蒸気の凝縮により処理直後に急速加熱されること,殺菌効果が期待できること,また,空気を用いた処理と比して高温でも製品が酸化されにくいことなど,さまざまな特徴を有している.そのため,過熱水蒸気は乾燥分野のみならず,製品の高品質化・高機能化のために食品加工分野への適用が期待されている.<br>本研究では,代表的な炭水化物系の食材であるジャガイモの生スライスを試料とし,170℃および240℃の過熱水蒸気ならびに高温空気気流中で乾燥実験を行い,特に表面の色の変化とその原因について調べた.その結果,過熱水蒸気乾燥では表面近傍においても澱粉が糊化されることにより,空気乾燥時よりも表面の色味が強くなり,また,光沢を有することが明らかになった.また,試料全体の成分定量結果から,過熱水蒸気乾燥の方が糊化澱粉(水溶性多糖)量の増加がはやく,また,着色に寄与すると思われる低分子糖と遊離アミノ酸の増加量も空気乾燥のものより多くなる傾向が得られた.
著者
伊與田 浩志 西村 伸也 野邑 奉弘
出版者
一般社団法人日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学會論文集. B編 (ISSN:03875016)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.650, pp.2681-2688, 2000-10-25
被引用文献数
7 1

For clarification of the mechanism of heat and mass transfer in the early stages of superheated steam drying which accompanies condensation and evaporation, we had done both the experiments and the simple calculation for a semiinfinite heat transfer model. And we found the existence of "reverse point" at which neither condensation nor evaporation occurs in the early stage of superheated steam drying. In this report, in order to investigate the physical reason of the reverse point and its change according to the shapes of heat transfer model, similar analytical and experimental methods were applied for both a spherical and a large slab heat transfer models. As a result, restoration time changes in the range of 3.2〜10times the reverse time with changes of scale, heat transfer rate and initial temperature of the heat transfer models.
著者
小林 勉 西村 伸也 棒田 恵 渡辺 恵 樋口 雅希
出版者
一般社団法人日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.634, pp.2557-2564, 2008-12-30

"Machiya" houses in the "segai-style", which is characterized by its use of cantilevers as the ceiling beams to hold the roof, can be seen all over Niigata Prefecture. "Machiya" houses in the Shinano and Agano river basins and on the Japan Sea coast were examined and house systems and their use of interior space investigated. "Segai-style" houses were consequently divided into four groups according to defferences in details: houses on Sado Island; houses downstream on the Shinano and Agano rivers; houses midstream on the Shinano river; houses upstream on the Shinano river and on the Japan Sea coast.