著者

築島 裕

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.227-251, 1997 (Released:2007-06-22)

被引用文献数

1

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“Kata-Kana”character is a kind of phonetic characters for the Japanese language transformed from the Chinese character.The scientific study on the history of“Kata-Kana”characters was originated by Dr. Tohru Ohya from the beginning of the 20th century. He was the first scholar who took notice of the“Kunten”materials of the Heian-period as very important and useful manuscripts to research the history of the Japanese language. These“Kunten”materials have been kept in several old traditional temples, and offers many reliable proofs on the invention of“Kata-Kana” characters. After Ohya, Professors Shinkichi Hashimoto, Masaji Kasuga, M. J. A, and Norio Nakada have had the outstanding achievements in this field. However, many problems are left unsolved. The facts philologically proved for the present are as follows.“Kata-Kana”characters were devised in the early 9th century by the Buddhist scholars (especially studying at Todaiji (東大寺) Temple), in order to express the Japanese reading of the Chinese sentences.The scholars had to write down the Japanese reading in the narrow space between the lines of the Chinese sentences, listening their teacher's lecture. “Kata-Kana”characters were formed by abbreviating the strokes of Chinese characters, leaving the first strokes or the final strokes of them, for the purpose of saving these time and labour.In the first period of inventing“Kata-Kana”characters, many different forms were used at the same time with“Mannyou-Gana”, and“Hira-Gana” characters which was made from the cursive style of the Chinese characters, but, in the phase of reading Chinese sentences,“Kata-Kana”characters had taken more simplified forms and had been standardized in the society by 12th Century.The current forms of“Kata-Kana”characters today have been officially settled in 1900 by the Japanese government.“Kata-Kana”characters were made from Chinese characters which had been used especially as“Mannyo-Gana”in the ancient Japan. Accordingly, the explanation that“Kata-Kana”サ (sa) was abbreviated from 薩 or 奘 is not right, because these Chinese characters had never been used as“Mannyo-Gana”. This theory may be revised to be from 散.As these characters were made for the purpose of quick writing, the origin is not formal style but simplified style. レ (re) and ネ (ne) are not from 禮 (rei) and 禰 (nei), but from simplified style 礼 andi 祢. ヱ (we, e) is not from 慧 (we) but from the beginning part of curved strokes of 惠 (we).Beside these facts, the origins of the“Kata-Kana”characters used in the present time are often misunderstood generally. For example,“Kata-Kana”character タ (ta) is explained as to be formed from the beginning strokes of Chinese character 多 (ta), but it is not right. It is from its last stroke, according to the ancient form 多. ロ (ro) was not from 呂, but from 〓 which was the old form of this character.“Kata-Kana”characters have kept essentially a phonetic and practical factor through their history. They have never had an aesthetic factor, different from“Hira-Gana”characters.“Kata-Kana”characters have made historical change by reason of practical usage, although some unique and curious forms used exceptionally in some sects of Buddhism and Confusiasm in the Heian period had been bequeathed to the after ages.

著者

築島 裕

出版者

帯広大谷短期大学

雑誌

帯広大谷短期大学紀要 (ISSN:02867354)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.Humanities_SocialScience, pp.1-6, 1970-12-25 (Released:2017-05-30)

参考文献数

4

著者

築島 裕

出版者

訓点語学会

雑誌

訓点語と訓点資料 (ISSN:04546652)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, pp.1-7, 2005-03

著者

築島 裕

出版者

訓点語学会

雑誌

訓点語と訓点資料 (ISSN:04546652)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.35-47, 1967-11-25

著者

築島 裕

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.227-252, 1997

著者

石塚 晴通 大槻 信 池田 証寿 月本 雅幸 沼本 克明 築島 裕 小林 芳規 奥田 勲

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

1996

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高山寺経蔵本のデータベース化により、平安・鎌倉時代の諸学・諸芸が形作る相互依存関係(学芸情報ネットワーク)を現経蔵本及び旧蔵本から再現することを目的とし、現地における原本の実地調査を二度に亘り(平成10年7月、平成11年1月)実施した。その成果として、『高山寺本東域傳燈目録』(高山寺資料叢書第十九冊)を東京大学出版会より刊行し、高山寺経蔵の形成に関する重大な進歩があった。さらに、高山寺経蔵の現蔵本や経蔵より流出して各家に分蔵される旧蔵本の書誌データを補強し、資料相互間の関連についての検討を行った。また、高山寺経蔵本の資料紹介・研究が多くなされている『高山寺典籍文書綜合調査団研究報告論集』(昭和56~平成9年度分17冊)及び『訓点語と訓点資料』(1~101輯)から研究資料を抽出して作成したデータベースを補強した。二度に亘る実地調査の期間及び各研究者のもとにおけるコンピューター環境を整備して得られた互いの緊密な連絡・協力体制により構築されたデータベースを活用し、文献の相互依存と継承について研究討論を行った。この結果、目的とした研究成果を達成し、全322ページの研究成果報告書を作成配布することを得た。

著者

築島 裕

出版者

ぎょうせい

雑誌

文部時報 (ISSN:09169830)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1433, pp.24-27, 1996-05