著者

荒木 友希子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本健康心理学会

雑誌

健康心理学研究 (ISSN:09173323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.104-113, 2012-08-20 (Released:2013-09-06)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 2

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Defensive pessimists are considered to be adaptive because of their high academic performance. However, there are few experimental studies on this topic. Defensive pessimism (DP) in Japanese university students was investigated using the experimental procedure developed by Norem and Illingworth (1993). We investigated how DP individuals perform after experiencing failure using the learned helplessness paradigm and assessed salivary amylase activity as an empirical physiological parameter. The participants were prescreened into DP or strategic optimist (SO) groups and randomly assigned to either the d-condition, in which they had to list their thoughts about an upcoming task; or to the s-condition, in which they worked on a clerical accuracy task. After these manipulations, participants were asked to perform three arithmetic tasks, constructed such that all questions in the first and third tasks were solvable, but some questions in the second task was insolvable. An ANOVA indicated that there were no significant main effects or interactions on the performance of the first task after the manipulation. Anxiety of DP/d group was higher than in the SO/d group. These results question the validity of the DP experimental paradigm. On the third task, after the participants experimented failure, the DP group performed significantly worse than the SO group, suggesting that stress tolerance in the DP group was lower than in the SO group.

著者

荒木 友希子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.6, pp.510-516, 2000-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

---

Two groups of undergraduates were asked to solve anagrams and arithmetic problems. All the anagrams were solvable but part of the arithmetic problems was insolvable. After the preliminary task, one of the two explanations was given; internal attribution participants (Internal group, N=22) were told that their failure was due to their problem-solving ability, while external attribution participants (External group, N=21) were told that they failed because some of the problems had no solution. After the explanations, the groups worked on another set of solvable problems. The test task performance of Internal group was significantly lower than that of External group (p=.05), and it was significantly lower than the group's preliminary task (p<.01). No deterioration effect was found for External group. These results supported the implications of the reformulated learned helplessness theory by Abramson, Seligman, and Teasdale (1978). In addition, relationships between performance and participants' attitude such as attributional style and optimism were examined with measurement before and after the task, but no significant correlation was found.

著者

荒木 友希子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.9-17, 2008 (Released:2011-03-16)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

8 9 3

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The purpose of this study was to develop the Japanese Defensive Pessimism Inventory (JDPI), which measures defensive pessimism in an academic achievement situation for Japanese undergraduate students and differentiates between those who are realistically pessimistic and those who are defensively pessimistic. In Study 1, 695 undergraduates completed the JDPI. A factor analysis revealed that the 24 items of the JDPI comprised four factors: Pessimism, Past experience, Positive reflectivity, and Effort. In Study 2, 618 undergraduates completed the JDPI, the Test Coping Strategy Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The JDPI had high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Defensive pessimists and strategic optimists had higher scores on the active coping strategy and lower scores on the avoidant-thinking coping strategy than did realistic pessimists. Furthermore, defensive pessimists and realistic pessimists had higher scores on the state anxiety and lower scores on the optimistic-thinking coping strategy than did strategic optimists. The results indicate that the JDPI had high concurrent validity.

著者

荒木 友希子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本健康心理学会

雑誌

健康心理学研究 (ISSN:09173323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.104-113, 2012

被引用文献数

2

---

Defensive pessimists are considered to be adaptive because of their high academic performance. However, there are few experimental studies on this topic. Defensive pessimism (DP) in Japanese university students was investigated using the experimental procedure developed by Norem and Illingworth (1993). We investigated how DP individuals perform after experiencing failure using the learned helplessness paradigm and assessed salivary amylase activity as an empirical physiological parameter. The participants were prescreened into DP or strategic optimist (SO) groups and randomly assigned to either the d-condition, in which they had to list their thoughts about an upcoming task; or to the s-condition, in which they worked on a clerical accuracy task. After these manipulations, participants were asked to perform three arithmetic tasks, constructed such that all questions in the first and third tasks were solvable, but some questions in the second task was insolvable. An ANOVA indicated that there were no significant main effects or interactions on the performance of the first task after the manipulation. Anxiety of DP/d group was higher than in the SO/d group. These results question the validity of the DP experimental paradigm. On the third task, after the participants experimented failure, the DP group performed significantly worse than the SO group, suggesting that stress tolerance in the DP group was lower than in the SO group.