著者

吉田 真平 藤田 真敬 大塚 康民 柳田 保雄 柏崎 利昌 田村 敦 別宮 愼也 森本 浩吉

出版者

航空医学実験隊

雑誌

航空医学実験隊報告 (ISSN:00232858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.27-40, 2018 (Released:2018-11-27)

参考文献数

75

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In Japan, “hay fever”, seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by pollen, has become more popular and has been called national affliction. Although there are less serious symptoms of hay fever, symptoms including sneezing, runny nose and itchy eye, sleep impairment, fatigue, impairment of learning and cognitive performance, have potential safety risks for flying or driving. The usage of some medications such as anti-histamines with less adverse effects on central nervous system, are approved for pilots under an appropriate regulation. However, the criteria of approval and conditions in the regulations differs from organizations in countries. In this article, we summarize current medications for “hay fever” including antihistamines, montelukast, subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy. We also compare aeromedical regulations for these medications between Japan and U.S.. The immunotherapy, minimizing allergic reaction for “hay fever”, may be one of the potential option for pilots.

著者

溝端 裕亮 藤田 真敬 大類 伸浩 菊川 あずさ 小林 朝夫 高田 邦夫 立花 正一 岩本 鉄也 山口 大介 木村 幹彦 別宮 愼也

出版者

航空医学実験隊

雑誌

航空医学実験隊報告 (ISSN:00232858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.4, pp.79-93, 2016 (Released:2020-04-11)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

1

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Spatial disorientation (SD) is a false perception of position, motion or attitude by the pilots, and the largest risk factor for fatal accidents. Prevention of SD is difficult. Early realization and withdrawal from SD using instrument flight is the best way to prevent accidents. To prevent accidents due to SD, aircraft’s systems have been developed, and SD training have been conducted. Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) provides pilots with visual and auditory warning. Automated Ground Collision Avoidance System (Auto GCAS) recovers flight attitude automatically when aircraft goes near into the ground. Spatial Orientation Retention Device (SORD) is multi-sensory warning system. Tactile Situation Awareness System (TSAS) gives vibration to the pilots to indicate pilot’s posture. Three Dimensional Landing Zone (3D-LZ) System projects view of landing zone to the cockpit even in bad weather. In this study, we collected information related to SD training among 21 military forces belong 17 countries. SD training usually includes lecture and experience learning. Pilots receive initial training and periodic training in 17/21 forces. Average frequency was 4 years (range: 6 months to 6 years). Japan Air Self-Defense Force has not conducted periodic SD training. The way of experience with SD is use of simulator similarly JASDF or in-flight demonstration. The simulator training is lower cost and safer than the in-flight training. To maintain and develop aircraft’s systems and SD training is continuously necessary.

著者

金澤 富美子 菊川 あずさ 金丸 善樹 髙澤 千智 大類 伸浩 丸山 聡 柳田 保雄 小林 朝夫 柏崎 利昌 藤田 真敬

出版者

航空医学実験隊

雑誌

航空医学実験隊報告 (ISSN:00232858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.1-13, 2017 (Released:2017-05-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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Pilot fatigue, which causes 21% incidents in US Civil Aviation, 25% lethal accidents in US Air Force's night tactical flight, and 12% lethal accident in US Navy, has been recognized as an insidious threat through out aviation. Despite our recognition of fatigue, no guideline was published until 2011, due to its difficulty in objective assessment. Recently, objective assessment for fatigue has been partly established and contributed to open guidelines. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) published guidebook as "Plain language about shiftwork" in 1997. Aerospace Medical Association published position paper as "Fatigue countermeasures in aviation" in 2009. International Air Transport Association (IATA), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and International Federation of Air Line Pilots’Association (IFALPA) published "Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) Implementation guide for operators" in 2011. Those guidelines says that aviation-related fatigue is caused by disorder of sleep and circadian rhythm. Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) or Motion logger watch (Actigraphy) are recommended for objective assessment of fatigue. Best counter measures for shift work and aviation related fatigue are adequate sleep. We review those guidelines and discuss applicability for safe flight in Japan Air Self-Defense Force.

著者

大類 伸浩 藤田 真敬 菊川 あずさ 蔵本 浩一郎 小林 朝夫 溝端 裕亮 立花 正一 高田 邦夫 山田 憲彦 別宮 愼也

出版者

航空医学実験隊

雑誌

航空医学実験隊報告 (ISSN:00232858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.43-66, 2016 (Released:2020-04-11)

参考文献数

127

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Gravity-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) is a major threat to fighter pilots and may result in fatal accidents. High +Gz (head-to-foot direction) acceleration force induces cerebral blood loss and results in gray-out, black out, and G-LOC. Countermeasures to avoid G-LOC include anti-G strain maneuver, anti-G suits, and pressure breathing for G, etc. They effectively decrease G-LOC incident, but have not eradicated it. Objective detection of G-LOC related symptoms is the prerequisite. In spite of many G-protective measures, G-LOC monitoring system has yet to be developed. Technologies for non-contact monitoring or motion capture have ventured into health care market. Real time physiological sensing for heart rate, body temperature, respiratory rate, etc, is used to medical, health care, physical fitness and sports area. Those advanced technologies might have potential for future G-LOC monitoring. This article reviews current status and future of countermeasures for G-LOC, and related technologies.

著者

高澤 千智 藤田 真敬 小林 朝夫 大塚 康民 鳥畑 厚志 大類 伸浩 高田 邦夫 立花 正一 柏崎 利昌 別宮 愼也

出版者

航空医学実験隊

雑誌

航空医学実験隊報告 (ISSN:00232858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.67-77, 2016 (Released:2020-04-11)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

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It has been issued that many accidents are caused by impaired driving or impaired flying due to side effects of medications. In 2013, US Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) warned about aircraft accidents due to side effects of medications. Japan Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (JMIAC) also made recommendations to Japan Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (JMHLW) to confirm notification about driving ban in the patient package insert. The aviators who use an impairing medication are required to wait an appropriate periods after last medications before flying. FAA defines a waiting time from last medications to flight as five times of pharmaceutical half-lives. Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (JMLIT) also defines as two times the dosing interval. The dosing interval is generally determined by pharmaceutical half-lives. Considering above situations, Japan Air Self-Defense Force, Aeromedical Laboratory (JASDF AML), recommends a waiting time from last medications to flight as five times of pharmaceutical half-lives. Newly marketed medications are monitored through post-marketing surveillance and reviewed qualification for aviators. Monitoring periods are three years or more in US Air Force, but one year in FAA, JMLIT and JASDF. We review aeromedical decision making for the safe flight with medicated aviators and related articles.

著者

藤田 真敬 和田 陽市 緒方 克彦 小林 久晃

出版者

日本宇宙航空環境医学会

雑誌

宇宙航空環境医学 (ISSN:03870723)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.137-142, 1996-09-01

参考文献数

8

著者

高澤 千智 馬塲 めぐみ 藤田 真敬 丸山 聡 鳥畑 厚志 大類 伸浩 桑田 成雄 菊川 あずさ 小林 朝夫

出版者

航空医学実験隊

雑誌

航空医学実験隊報告 (ISSN:00232858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.31-41, 2016 (Released:2020-04-11)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1

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Preventing incapacitation of aviator during flight is one of major missions in aerospace medicine. To prevent incapacitation and maintain health status of pilots, airline companies and Air Forces develop manuals and guidelines for aeromedical examination or use of medications. Though guidelines for aeromedical examinations and major diseases are defined in detail, there are no detailed guidelines about medications in chronic disease or common disease. Since early 1990s, as life-style related diseases increase, Aeromedical Laboratory has received numerous inquiries and cases to be reviewed in aeromedical council. To standardize aeromedical decision making and share information, Pharmacochemistry Section, Second Division of Aeromedical Laboratory published “Working Papers for aeromedical decision on medicated aviators” in 1999. This paper include following contents about common disease and medications. (1) Notice in initial medication (2) Aeromedical decision Cases to be avoided if possible, to be evaluated for returning flying duty during medications, to be allowed flying with medications (3) Effects for psychomotor activities (4) Cases of aviation accidents (5) Cases of aeromedical council (6) Reports of side effect In 2014 issue, we classify the risk of medications for aeromedical missions. We also have a planning to distribute digital issues in the same time. Points of considerations are academic reason and application for practical operations.