著者

詫間 直樹 中島 秀人

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.266, pp.81-91, 2013 (Released:2021-07-12)

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The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster has revealed the huge potential risk inherent in nuclear power generation. It adds very much to the existing energy problems such as depletion of fuels and global warming. To achieve substantial reduction in both fossil and nuclear energy, not only the enhancement of renewable energy on the supply-side but also the suppression of energy consumption on the demand-side would be required. Low-energy building technology is considered an effective means of energy consumption reduction. EU is the front-runner of this field, in terms of the level of technology, the adequacy of regulation, and the degree of diffusion. This implies that the development of low-energy building technology in Europe is worth historical study. With regard to historiography, we emphasize the complex nature of technological developments. It is not a linear, steady process. It turns and twists. A technological path is a result of aggregation of interactions - either conflicts or collaborations - among a variety of heterogeneous actors. Such complexity and heterogeneity often enrich the quality of technological development, according to the debates on the "resistance to new technologies " and the "unlocking of technological trajectories ". We also indicate some historical lessons such as the role of new entrants, the necessity of nurturing space for innovation, and the importance of sharing the basic concept of the technology among related actors.

著者

詫間 直樹

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.241, pp.14-24, 2007 (Released:2021-08-11)

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In the 1990s, Japan undertook to improve its national measurement standards with a view to assisting the country's advanced R&D programs. I discussed in an earlier paper that this was achieved by the expansion of the notion of R&D infrastructure. This paper shows the importance of industrial measurement standards for corporate R&D, production and maintenance. The New Standard Code revised at the GATT Uruguay Round required the global harmonization of technical standards and conformity assessment procedures. This New Standard Code played a major role in the recognition of importance of industrial measurement standards dissemination system in Japan in the 1990s. This paper considers the establishment of industrial measurement standards dissemination system in Japan for over a period of 30 years. By doing so, we can obtain a rough pattern of evolution of the industrial measurement standards dissemination system : In the 1970s an attempt to imitate the American traceability system was made, but it proved futile. Then, in the 1980s a Japanese alternative traceability system began to take form. A full-fledged traceability system emerged only in the 1990s thanks to external pressures. This historical pattern connotes Japan's backwardness in establishing a measurement standards dissemination system.

著者

吉田 早苗 藤田 覚 宮崎 勝美 藤井 恵介 田島 公 詫間 直樹

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2002

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1.東京大学史料編纂所に所蔵される江戸時代有数の故実家裏松固禅研究の基本的な史料『裏松家史料』について調査を完了し、全点の題名・内容・書誌情報等を含む詳細な調書を作成した。そのデータからデータベースを完成し、全点目録「裏松家史料目録」(第1版)を作成した。目録は史料編纂所の「所蔵史料目録データベース」上での公開を予定している。2.「裏松家史料」のうち修理中の冊子約80冊を除いた冊子本約300点とそれ以外の史料の全点について、マイクロ撮影・デジタル化を完了した。得られた画像データは、史料編纂所の「所蔵史料目録データベース」に対応する画像公開システムにより公開する予定である。3.「裏松家史料」中の書籍の奥書、固禅が作成した勘文類などに基づき、天明-寛政期の固禅の活動を解明して「裏松固禅活動年譜(稿)」を作成した。4.固禅の主要著作『大内裏図考証』については、引用史料データベースの仕様を確定し、テストデータの入力を行ない、献上に関する重要史料である『大内裏図考証清書目録』を翻刻した。5.以上の「裏松家史料目録」(第1版)「裏松固禅活動年譜(稿)」「『大内裏図考証清書目録』翻刻」および、「裏松家史料」を直接の基礎史料として固禅の執筆活動と公家社会の構造の関連性を解明した、「裏松固禅と裏松家史料について」(吉田早苗)、「裏松固禅の著作活動について」(詫間直樹)、「寛政期有職研究の動向と裏松固禅」(西村慎太郎)、「『皇居年表』の編修過程について」(詫間直樹)の4篇の論文を掲載した研究成果報告書を刊行した。