著者
菊池 健 道又 爾
出版者
日本認知心理学会
雑誌
認知心理学研究 (ISSN:13487264)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.2, pp.107-114, 2012-02-29 (Released:2012-03-01)
参考文献数
26

本研究では相関の検出と利用における小さな記憶容量のメリットについて,ダミー変数を含む多変数環境を用いて検討した.参加者は各試行において,四つの属性(色,形,大きさ,数)を持つ図形に隠された数字 (1もしくは2) を予測することを求められた.すべての属性は二値変数であり,数字と相関があるのは色のみであった.実験の結果,課題全体を通じてワーキングメモリ容量小群のほうがワーキングメモリ容量大群より課題成績が良かった.したがって,相関の検出や利用において小さなワーキングメモリ容量が有利に働くことが示された.これは小さな記憶容量には適応的な利点があることを示唆する.
著者
田根 健吾 道又 爾
出版者
日本基礎心理学会
雑誌
基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.1, pp.1-10, 2016

<p>Participants performed an association-learning task between colors and geometric figures. In the explicit presentation condition, the color and the figure were fully visible. In the implicit presentation condition, a continuous flash suppression technique was used so that the pairs were not consciously visible. After the learning procedure was complete, participants performed a two-alternative, forced-choice task in which they were to choose the learned pairs. In one-third of the trials, unlearned pairs were presented (the non-presentation condition). During the choice task, participant's eye movements were monitored. Results indicated that in all three conditions, there was a gaze bias toward the chosen pair prior to the response (gaze cascade effect, e.g., Shimojo, Simion, Shimojo, & Scheier, 2003). The gaze bias in the implicit presentation condition was higher than in the non-presentation condition. Moreover, the gaze bias started earlier in the implicit presentation condition than in the other conditions. These results supported the hypothesis that the gaze cascade effect reflects the process by which implicit information is used in making conscious decisions. Possible mechanisms of the gaze cascade effect are discussed.</p>