著者

田辺 健 雨宮 智浩 遠藤 博史 井野 秀一

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.291-301, 2020-12-25 (Released:2020-12-25)

参考文献数

72

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When presented with asymmetric vibrations, humans typically experience an illusory force that is similar to the sensation of being pulled toward a particular direction. The pulling illusion has been used in new display elements for a pedestrian navigation system and a VR content because the asymmetric vibrations can be implemented in a small non-grounded device. This paper reviews the findings of the pulling illusion with covering a wide range of topics, including the basic concept, physiological mechanism, optimal parameters for the illusion, the control method of force vectors, the evaluation method of the illusion, and applications. As a result of the review, the research trend of the pulling illusion was confirmed, and the vital points which were stimulation method and parameters of asymmetric vibration to design a haptic interface using the illusion were clarified.

著者

増田 正 遠藤 博史 武田 常広

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.63-73, 2000-06-15 (Released:2016-12-05)

参考文献数

17

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In recent years SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) technology has developed rapidly in both sensitivity and number of recording channels. Biomagnetic measurements based on SQUID technology are considered to have great potential in the analysis of brain and heart functions. They are also applicable to skeletal muscles and may provide a new method for diagnosing neuromuscular functions. To clarify the capability for biomagnetic measurements, the magnetic recording technique was applied to the vastus lateralis and the vastus medialis of three healthy male adults. Magnetic fields were measured with a 64-channel SQUID system. Discharges of single motor units were simultaneously detected by surface electromyography under a weak voluntary contraction. The magnetic signals were averaged for 64 to 158 times at the zero-crossings in the surface electromyogram. Six motor units were detected in the three subjects. The isofield maps of magnetic fields showed current sources arising from the motor endplate regions and spreading in opposite directions to the tendons. A current octupole moving along muscle fibers explains these magnetic fields. Because the magnitude of the magnetic fields is directly proportional to the intensity of the currents in the muscle fibers and is independent of the conductivity of the surrounding medium under certain conditions, it is possible to calculate the intensity of the currents in the muscle fibers. To improve the accuracy of such calculations, a model of the muscle fiber action currents was developed, taking into consideration the intensity and duration of the current source. A magnetic field was calculated from an octupole current model. The measured magnetomyographic signal waveform was deconvoluted with the calculated magnetic field signal produced by a single muscle fiber. The area of the deconvoluted waveform represents the number of active muscle fibers, which was estimated at 708 to 1,791 (average 1,088±480) for the six motor units detected. These numbers were 6.5 times larger than those estimated from the intensity of the current source alone without considering its duration, and were close to the invasively obtained values. The number of muscle fibers contained in a muscle or a motor unit has until now been estimated only by an anatomical method. Noninvasive magnetic measurement should therefore contribute to the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases that cause the decrement or shrinkage of muscle fibers.

著者

加藤 雄一郎 遠藤 博史 木塚 朝博

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.35-46, 2008 (Released:2017-02-15)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

2

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刺激─反応 (S-R) 整合性とは, 選択反応課題において刺激と反応の空間的な位置関係が一致するときの方が, 一致しないときよりも反応時間が速くなる現象のことを言う. 本研究では, S-R整合性が情報処理過程における運動プログラムの構築にどのように関与しているのかを明らかにすることを目的に, 筋電図による反応時間分析, 脳磁図による大脳皮質活動の時系列分析を行った. 不整合反応は, 整合反応と比較してPremotor time, Motor timeが遅延し, 反応実行のための一次運動野の神経活動が弱いことが認められた. これらの結果は, S-R整合性が情報処理の時間的側面だけでなく運動プログラムの構築にも影響していることを示唆する. この脳内メカニズムについて, 二重ルート情報処理による自動的賦活と制御的賦活で説明する.