著者
鈴木 孝昌
出版者
日本環境変異原学会
雑誌
環境変異原研究 (ISSN:09100865)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.3, pp.181-185, 2003 (Released:2005-08-19)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1

Has mutation research contributed sufficiently to the genetic risk assessment of chemicals? The answer may be “No”. Although it has contributed much to predict carcinogenicity, how much benefit has exposure prevention of those mutagens brought to public health? It is suggested that the proportion of human carcinogenesis related to environmental chemicals is less than 10%. The main causes for cancer are tobacco smoking, diet, and aging. As genetic toxicologists, we have become too satisfied with a qualitative evaluation of mutation assay results and try to detect as many “carcinogens” as possible. This approach ignores the quantitative evaluation, which is more important in risk assessment. Many “carcinogens”, especially socalled non-genotoxic carcinogens, do not cause cancer at the human exposure level. The “genotoxic non-carcinogens”, if they exist, may be more important because cancer is not the only toxicological outcome of genotoxicity. We should pay more attention to heritable genetic effects of chemicals. An increasing incidence of smoking among young women alerts us to investigate the genetic effects of smoking in their progeny.The paradigm shift from hazard identification to risk assessment is important in mutation research. In this regard, quantitative, mechanism-based, and humanized mutation assays are required.
著者
築茂 由則 鈴木 孝昌 内藤 幹彦
出版者
一般社団法人 レギュラトリーサイエンス学会
雑誌
レギュラトリーサイエンス学会誌 (ISSN:21857113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.2, pp.71-80, 2017 (Released:2017-05-31)
参考文献数
32

近年のゲノムデータの蓄積により, 遺伝情報を利用した個別化医療は現実のものとなりつつある. 特にがん化学療法の分野では, 肺がんにおけるEGFRに代表されるように, 遺伝子変異の有無を判別して治療薬を選択する時代に入っている. 我が国では2013年に, 分子標的治療薬の効果を判定するための体外診断薬 “コンパニオン診断薬” が新たに定義され, すでに複数の品目が承認されている. 本稿では, 主にがん分子標的治療薬との関連からコンパニオン診断薬の現状と課題について概説する.
著者
鈴木 孝昌
出版者
日本環境変異原学会
雑誌
環境変異原研究 (ISSN:09100865)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.3, pp.179-184, 2002-11-13
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
3

この原稿は,今年の7月に淡路島で開かれたMMS研究会第31回定例会での特別講演をもとに作成したものです.これまで,10年以上にわたり国立医薬品食品衛生研究所変異遺伝部において,環境変異原研究に携わってきましたが,この4月に部を移動になり,環境変異原研究とは今後少し距離を置かざるを得なくなりました.この機会に自分としても一歩離れた立場からこれまで歩んできた道を振り返り,少し大胆に提言をさせていただきたいと考え,「環境変異原研究の光と陰」というタイトルで講演をさせていただきました.講演後の反響もあり,内容に関する問い合わせもいただいたことから,今回環境変異原研究の原稿として,まとめ直させていただきました.これがきっかけとなり,環境変異原研究の方向性に関する議論が盛り上がることを期待します.
著者
鈴木 孝昌
出版者
日本環境変異原学会
雑誌
環境変異原研究 (ISSN:09100865)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.2, pp.119-125, 2003 (Released:2005-08-19)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
1 1

The transgenic mouse mutation assay was developed as a striking new tool for mutation research in 1990. This assay enables the detection of mutations in a transgene in multiple organs including germinal tissues and thus reveals organ-specific genotoxicity of the mutagen. Following its introduction in MutaMouse and Big Blue mouse systems, modification of the methodology, mainly the introduction of the positive selection system and development of other transgenic animal models including rat, improved and assured the relevance of the assay. Accumulation of experimental data suggests the transgenic mouse mutation assay can be used as a standard in vivo test for mutagenesis.We have developed a multi-endpoint test, by combining the peripheral blood micronucleus assay with the transgenic mouse mutation assay. This test allows simultaneous detection of clastogenecity and mutagenecity in vivo. Since these two endpoints indicate different characteristics of the mutagen, data from many chemicals suggest the importance of detecting both endpoints. With this approach, the transgenic assay could detect the mutagenecity of diethylnitrosamine, which failed to be detected in micronucleus assay.Another important advantage of this assay is its suitability for sequence analysis. Sequencing of the transgene enables to draw mutagen-specific mutation spectrum, a molecular signature of the mutagen, and is very useful to deduce the mechanism of mutagenesis. In this regard, we have intensively used a positively selectable target gene ‘cII’. This gene is relatively short (300 bp) which made the sequencing process easier and less time consuming and enables us to generate data on mutagenesis of several mutagens. We hope the database will be useful for molecular epidemiology in future.A quantitative comparison of carcinogenic and mutagenic potency of chemicals revealed a good correlation with transgenic mutation assay and therefore suggesting a usefulness of this assay for the quantitative risk assessment.