著者

長谷川 由佳 岡村 拓郎 濵口 真英 本田 晶子 高野 裕久 福井 道明

出版者

日本毒性学会

雑誌

日本毒性学会学術年会 第49回日本毒性学会学術年会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.P-134, 2022 (Released:2022-08-25)

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【背景】マイクロプラスチック(MP)による環境汚染が拡大し、MP及びMPに含有される化学物質の健康影響が懸念されており、環境中の化学物質による生活習慣病の悪化が報告されている。本研究では欧米化食のような高脂肪食を摂取することで起こる腸管炎症(Leaky Gut症候群)に注目し、MPが、肥満・糖尿病に及ぼす影響を調査することで、MPの代謝系への毒性を明らかにする。【方法】現代食のモデル食として高脂肪食 (HFD)を用いる。C57BL/6Jマウス(♂・8週齢、各群10匹)にHFDを4週間給餌し、腸内炎症並びに脂肪肝・糖尿病を発症させる。粒子曝露群に蛍光標識したMP標準品(ポリスチレン、径0.45–0.53 µm)を1000 µg/mLで経口投与した。病理組織学的所見、各組織の遺伝子発現、炎症・免疫応答、糖・脂質代謝障害、ガスクロマトグラフィーにより組織中のメタボライトを評価した。【結果】HFD群とHFD+MP群に有意な体重差は認めなかったが、耐糖能障害はHFD+MP群で有意に増悪しており、肝酵素や血清脂質の上昇を認めた。肝組織において有意な脂肪肝の悪化を認めた。蛍光顕微鏡ではHFD+MP群において蛍光標識したMPの粒子が小腸の腸管粘膜に蓄積しており、便中の短鎖脂肪酸濃度が有意に低下していた。また、フローサイトメトリーで小腸粘膜固有層の炎症細胞の動態を評価したところ、HFD+MP群では1型自然リンパ球の有意な増加、3型自然リンパ球の有意な減少を認め、TnfaやIl1bなどの炎症関連遺伝子がHFD+MP群で有意に上昇した一方で、Il22の発現は低下していた。【結語】MPは腸管炎症を惹起し耐糖能障害をはじめとした種々の代謝障害の増悪を引き起こす。本研究は、高脂肪食下での代謝障害を改善するために、環境対策によりMPの経口曝露を低減する必要があることを示唆している。

著者

三木 有咲 波多江 崇 猪野 彩 井上 知美 上野 隼平 笠谷 君代 近藤 亜美 坂口 知子 佐々木 信子 田内 義彦 竹下 治範 辻 華子 中川 素子 野口 栄 長谷川 由佳 水田 恵美 矢羽野 早代 山根 雅子 濵口 常男

出版者

日本社会薬学会

雑誌

社会薬学 (ISSN:09110585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.24-33, 2015

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We implemented a questionnaire survey targeting mothers who are in child care and had participated in consultations regarding drugs and diseases. We examined the future roles of community pharmacists by exploring the mothers' concerns and, anxieties about child cares and their backgrounds, and their expectations for profession of community pharmacist. Mothers have listed anxiety and concerns of child care about "dermatitis such as rash and atopic eczema"; "food allergies"; "infectious diseases such as measles, chicken pox, and mumps"; and "side effects of vaccination". In addition, most of them indicated their own concerns and anxiety about "solutions to children's illnesses." Despite their anxieties and concerns, however, approximately 60% of the mothers have never consulted with community pharmacists. Among them, approximately a half of them indicated the following three reasons why they have never consulted with pharmacists: "I have nothing to talk about,", "I do not know what I should talk about,", and "I was not sure if it was alright to talk about my concerns.". From these results, we concluded that community pharmacists in the future should improve their communication skills and inform their availability to consult about medicine and disease to local residents.

著者

後藤 美和 高野 義久 高濱 寛 橋本 洋一郎 長谷川 由佳 波多江 崇

出版者

日本社会薬学会

雑誌

社会薬学 (ISSN:09110585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.34-41, 2015

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To assess the changes in attitudes toward smoking after the smoking-prevention classes presented by Kumamoto Tobacco-Free Forum, this study administered a questionnaire survey to first-year junior high school students before and after a smoking-prevention class at a junior high school. The questionnaire that was used to pre and post comparison comprised thirteen items, ten from the Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND-Youth) and three as follows: "I think I will be a smoker in the future," "I think I will smoke about once," and "What do you think of people around you who smoke tobacco?" The results of this pre- and post-class questionnaire indicate that attitudes toward seven items improved in a statistically significant way. These included four from KTSND-Youth: "Smokers cannot stop even if they want to," "Smoking is adult-like and cool," "Smoking is enjoys taste and a fragrance," and "If it's a place with an ashtray, it's okay to smoke." The smoking-prevention classes significantly decreased total KTSND-Youth scores. Furthermore, the analysis has clarified that the KTSND-Youth items: "Smoking is adult-like and cool" and "Doctor and school teachers say, 'Tobacco is no good too much", as well as the item "What do you think of people around you who smoke tobacco?" are significantly influencing factors for the item "I will be a smoker in the future." These results indicate that the smoking-prevention classes presented by Kumamoto Tobacco-Free Forum were effective for decline in social nicotine dependence of the first-year students in junior high school.

著者

後藤 美和 高野 義久 高濱 寛 橋本 洋一郎 長谷川 由佳 波多江 崇

出版者

日本社会薬学会

雑誌

社会薬学 (ISSN:09110585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.34-41, 2015-06-10 (Released:2015-10-16)

参考文献数

15

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To assess the changes in attitudes toward smoking after the smoking-prevention classes presented by Kumamoto Tobacco-Free Forum, this study administered a questionnaire survey to first-year junior high school students before and after a smoking-prevention class at a junior high school. The questionnaire that was used to pre and post comparison comprised thirteen items, ten from the Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND-Youth) and three as follows: “I think I will be a smoker in the future,” “I think I will smoke about once,” and “What do you think of people around you who smoke tobacco?” The results of this pre- and post-class questionnaire indicate that attitudes toward seven items improved in a statistically significant way. These included four from KTSND-Youth: “Smokers cannot stop even if they want to,” “Smoking is adult-like and cool,” “Smoking is enjoys taste and a fragrance,” and “If it’s a place with an ashtray, it’s okay to smoke.” The smoking-prevention classes significantly decreased total KTSND-Youth scores. Furthermore, the analysis has clarified that the KTSND-Youth items: “Smoking is adult-like and cool” and “Doctor and school teachers say, ‘Tobacco is no good too much”, as well as the item “What do you think of people around you who smoke tobacco?” are significantly influencing factors for the item “I will be a smoker in the future.” These results indicate that the smoking-prevention classes presented by Kumamoto Tobacco-Free Forum were effective for decline in social nicotine dependence of the first-year students in junior high school.

著者

三木 有咲 波多江 崇 猪野 彩 井上 知美 上野 隼平 笠谷 君代 近藤 亜美 坂口 知子 佐々木 信子 田内 義彦 竹下 治範 辻 華子 中川 素子 野口 栄 長谷川 由佳 水田 恵美 矢羽野 早代 山根 雅子 濵口 常男

出版者

日本社会薬学会

雑誌

社会薬学 (ISSN:09110585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.24-33, 2015-06-10 (Released:2015-10-16)

参考文献数

16

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We implemented a questionnaire survey targeting mothers who are in child care and had participated in consultations regarding drugs and diseases. We examined the future roles of community pharmacists by exploring the mothers’ concerns and, anxieties about child cares and their backgrounds, and their expectations for profession of community pharmacist. Mothers have listed anxiety and concerns of child care about “dermatitis such as rash and atopic eczema”; “food allergies”; “infectious diseases such as measles, chicken pox, and mumps”; and “side effects of vaccination”. In addition, most of them indicated their own concerns and anxiety about “solutions to children’s illnesses.” Despite their anxieties and concerns, however, approximately 60% of the mothers have never consulted with community pharmacists. Among them, approximately a half of them indicated the following three reasons why they have never consulted with pharmacists: “I have nothing to talk about,”, “I do not know what I should talk about,”, and “I was not sure if it was alright to talk about my concerns.”. From these results, we concluded that community pharmacists in the future should improve their communication skills and inform their availability to consult about medicine and disease to local residents.