著者

馬場 崇

出版者

朝雲新聞社

雑誌

国防 (ISSN:04522990)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.5, pp.p8-30, 1983-05

著者

宮内 秀之 米田 卓司 藤原 正和 馬場 崇充 宮澤 昇吾 本郷 良泳 北西 由武 小倉 江里子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本薬剤疫学会

雑誌

薬剤疫学 (ISSN:13420445)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.15-26, 2021-06-20 (Released:2021-07-26)

参考文献数

25

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目的:新たな作用機序を有する抗インフルエンザ薬である baloxavir marboxil(以下,baloxavir)のインフルエンザ外来患者における入院及び死亡の発生頻度について,既存の抗インフルエンザ薬であるノイラミニダーゼ阻害剤と比較検討した.研究デザイン:コホート研究方法:急性期医療機関由来のデータベースを用いて,2018/2019 年のインフルエンザシーズンにインフルエンザの診断日(Day 1)を有する 1 歳以上の外来患者を研究対象として抽出し,処方された抗インフルエンザ薬に基づき baloxavir 群,oseltamivir 群,zanamivir 群,または laninamivir 群に群別した.主要なアウトカムとして,Day 2〜14 の入院発生割合を集計し,入院発生の有無を応答としたロジスティック回帰モデルを適用し,年齢カテゴリーによる調整済みオッズ比を算出した.その他,死亡について入院と同様の解析を行った.結果:入院発生割合について,baloxavir 群(1.37%,223/16,309)は,同じ経口剤のoseltamivir 群(1.37%,655/47,843)と同程度であったが,吸入剤の zanamivir 群(0.77%,19/2,474),laninamivir 群(0.91%,234/25,831)よりもわずかに高かった.調整済みオッズ比(対照群/baloxavir 群)[95%信頼区間]は,oseltamivir 群,zanamivir 群及び laninamivir 群との比較において,それぞれ 1.125[0.961−1.317],1.173[0.726−1.897]及び 0.944[0.783−1.140]であり,差は認められなかった.死亡発生割合について,baloxavir 群(0.03%,n=5),oseltamivir 群(0.03%,n=16),laninamivir 群(0.01%,n=3)と同程度であった.一方,zanamivir 群には死亡の発生はなかったが,zanamivir 群の症例数が少ないことの影響が考えられ,他の抗インフルエンザ薬群と死亡発生割合に明らかな差はないと考えられた.結論:Baloxavir 投与によるインフルエンザ外来患者の入院及び死亡の発生頻度は他の抗インフルエンザ薬と同程度であり,インフルエンザ重症化を抑制する新たな選択肢として期待できることが示唆された.

著者

馬場崇豪

雑誌

阪南論集. 人文・自然科学編

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.105-110, 2016-03

著者

馬場 崇豪 和田 幸洋 伊藤 章

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.186-200, 2000-03-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

12 7

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The muscular activity pattern, function and maximal contraction velocity during the starting dash and sprint running at maximal velocity were studied. The subjects were five adult male sprinters, whose sprint running movements in the sagittal plain were analyzed (100 fps) from videotape recordings made with a high-speed catera. The ground reaction forces and EMGs of eight leg muscles were also recorded. Changes in length from the origin to the insertion (muscle-tendon complex : MTC) of the eight leg muscles were calculated using several methods reported by Grieve et al. (1978), Hawkins and Hull (1990), Visser et al. (1990) and Jacobs and Van Ingen Schenau (1993). The muscular activity pattern and the maximal contraction velocity were investigate from the change in length of the MTC when the EMG activity was observed. The turnover velocity of the muscular activity pattern in the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) was calculated from the acceleration of the contraction. Also the hip, knee and ankle joint torques were calculated, and the following results were obtained.1. Changes in muscular activity pattern and maximal contraction velocity during the starting dash During the first half of the swing period, the m.gluteus maximus exhibited shortening activity, the m.rectus femoris exhibited stretching activity and the m.iliopsoas exhibited SSC muscular activity. The m.vastus lateralis exhibited shortening activity during the last half of the swing period and stretching activity during the first half of the foot contact period. The m.biceps femoris exhibited SSC muscular activity from the middle of the swing period to the middle of the foot contact period. The m.gastrocnemius and m.soleus exhibited SSC muscular activity during the foot contact period. Above all, the maximal shortening stretching velocity, and the turnover velocity increased with increasing sprint running velocity after the start, except for the shortening velocity of the m.gastrocnemius and m.soleus, and the stretching velocity of the m.vastus lateralis, whose contraction velocity stayed almost constant. 2. Muscular activity and function during sprint running at maximal velocity During the first half of the swing period, the m.rectus femoris produced knee extension troque by stretching activity which functioned to reduce the knee flexion force which occurred through the joint force related to hip flexion torque. During the latter half of the swing period, knee flexion torque developed as a by-product from the m.biceps femoris, which serves as a hip extensor. On the other hand, the knee extension force which occurred through the joint force related to hip extension torque, the momentum required to extend the knee joint, and the knee extension torque which was produced by the shortening activity of the m.vastus lateralis were observed during the same period. Therefore, the knee extension movement observed from the outside occurred as a result of the total of these forces. The m.tibialis anterior acted to offset the ankle extension force which occurred through the joint force related to knee extension torque during the first half of the swing period, and the ankle extension torque developed during the latter half of the swing period preparation for foot contact by the m.gastrocnemius an m.soleus.