著者

Ryuichiro TANAKA Hiroo TAKAYAMA Masami MOROTOMI Toshikata KUROSHIMA Sadao UEYAMA Keisuke MATSUMOTO Akio KURODA Masahiko MUTAI

出版者

Japan Bifidus Foundation

雑誌

Bifidobacteria and Microflora (ISSN:02869306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.17-24, 1983 (Released:2011-02-23)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

130 184

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We studied the effects of administration of TOS, a new growth factor derived from lactose for Bifidobacterium, and Bifidobacterium breve 4006 on the fecal flora of normal subjects. All of the Bifidobacterium species tested, eight reference strains and B. breve 4006 were capable of fermenting TOS in vitro, while others, 2 Bacteroides strains and 4 Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae strains, showed an appreciable growth among 55 cultures tested. It was evident that TOS is not intestinally absorbed by the recipient subjects, from hydrogen breath test. In vivo, TOS (3g or 10g/day) was observed to promote the growth of both administered B. breve 4006 and resident Bifidobacterium strains. Simultaneous administration of B. breve 4006 and TOS caused the suppression of gram negative anaerobes and aerobes, Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, and the reduction of fecal ammonia and urinary indican excretion. It is concluded that TOS is a typical bifidus factor.

著者

Akio KURODA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.325-331, 2006 (Released:2006-02-23)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

60

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Cells must balance energy-efficient growth with the ability to adapt rapidly to sudden changes in their environment. For example, in an environment rich in amino acids, cells do not expend energy for making amino acid biosynthetic enzymes. However, if the environment becomes depleted of amino acids (nutritional downshift), cells will be exposed to a lack of both the amino acid biosynthetic enzymes and the amino acids required to make these enzymes. To solve this dilemma, cells must use their own proteins as sources of amino acids in response to the nutritional downshift. Once amino acid biosynthetic enzymes start to accumulate, the cell is able to produce its own amino acids, and a new growth phase begins. In Escherichia coli, amino acid starvation leads to the accumulation of an unusual molecule, polyphosphate (polyP), a linear polymer of many hundreds of orthophosphate residues. Protein degradation in this bacterium appears to be triggered by the accumulation of polyP. PolyP forms a complex with the ATP-dependent Lon protease. The formation of a complex then enables Lon to degrade free ribosomal proteins. Certain very abundant ribosomal proteins can be the sacrificial substrates targeted for degradation at the onset of the downshift. Here I propose to call the polyP-Lon complex the “stringent protease,” and I discuss new insights of protein degradation control in bacteria.

著者

Saeko Osawa Naoto Katakami Akio Kuroda Mitsuyoshi Takahara Fumie Sakamoto Dan Kawamori Takaaki Matsuoka Munehide Matsuhisa Iichiro Shimomura

出版者

一般社団法人 日本動脈硬化学会

雑誌

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.35592, (Released:2016-09-02)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

25

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Aim: Accumulation level of fluorescent advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the skin can be measured non-invasively as skin autofluorescence (skin AF) by autofluorescence reader. The aim of this study was to assess possible associations between skin AF and diabetic complications, especially early-stage atherosclerosis, in Japanese type 1 diabetic patients.Methods: Skin AF was measured by AGE reader® in 105 Japanese type 1 diabetic patients (34 men and 71 women, aged 37.4±12.4 years (±SD)) and 23 age-matched healthy non-diabetic subjects. Ultrasonic carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), ankle-brachial index (ABI), and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were evaluated as indices of early-stage diabetic macroangiopathy. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), the coefficient of variation of R-R intervals (CVR-R), and presence of retinopathy were also evaluated.Results: Skin AF values were significantly higher in type 1 diabetic patients than in healthy controls (2.07±0.50 (mean±SD) and 1.90±0.26, respectively, p=0.024). Skin AF was associated with carotid IMT (r=0.446, p<0.001) and baPWV (r=0.450, p<0.001), but not with ABI (r=-0.019, p=0.8488). Notably, skin AF was an independent risk factor for IMT thickening. Similarly, skin AF was associated with log (UACR) (r=0.194, p=0.049) and was an independent risk factor for UACR. Furthermore, skin AF values were significantly higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy than in those without (2.21±0.08 and 1.97±0.06, respectively, p=0.020).Conclusions: Skin AF was significantly associated with the presence and/or severity of diabetic complications and was an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis.