著者

須藤 春佳 Haruka SUDO

雑誌

神戸女学院大学論集 = KOBE COLLEGE STUDIES

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.87-102, 2011-12-20

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In this thesis, we discuss two aspects of close friendship. First, the positive aspects- in other words, the light of friendship. Second, we focus on the problems and difficulties of friendship- that is, the shadow of friendship- and discuss the reason why such problems occur. It seems that problems with friendship are more complicated for girls than for boys, so we discuss friendships among girls in a later part of the theses. At the same time, we examine gender differences in friendship. Sullivan(1953) pointed out the positive aspects of close friendships. According to him, around the time of pre-adolescence, close friendships develop between two children of the same sex and age; Sullivan called this "chum-ship." He explained that such close friendships heal any distortion within the child's former development and promote the child's psychological development. Many researchers suggest that an individual's experience of chum-ship is associated with subsequent positive aspects of psychological adjustment. There are a number of reasons why close friendships become important at this time. First, they play a role of psychological protection during a time of transition, Second, a close friend can act as a model or mirror for the child- someone the child can identify with. Finally , a close friends can act as a mediator between the child's internal and external words. To ciscuss the shadow aspects of close friendship, we focused on a number of phenomena, namely bullying school refusal, and the occurrence of traunatic encounters between two girls. We discuss how bullying occurs according to peer pressure, which demands sameness within peer groups. Next, we introduce cases in which girls have refused to go to school because of trouble among friends, and we examine the background problems in these cases. Finally, we discuss traumatic encounters between two girls who were previously friends, in referece to the mirror stage theory(Lacan,1949). In such cases, the function of mirroring in the friendship is considered to have worked negatively.

著者

須藤 春佳 Haruka SUDO 京都文教大学臨床心理学部臨床心理学科 Kyoto Bunkyo University Department of Clinical Psychology Faculty of Clinical Psychology

出版者

京都文教大学

雑誌

臨床心理学部研究報告 = Reports from the Faculty of Clinical Psychology, Kyoto Bunkyo University (ISSN:18843751)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.99-108, 2009-03-31

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss close friendship from social, cultural, and psychological viewpoints. The definition of friend is made by Brain R (1976) as follows: person who is connected by means of affection or dearness, not by blood relation or Eros. In order to consider the meaning of close friendship, we referred to the research of comparative anthropology of Brain. Through his study, we could see how close friendship worked in some culture and society, especially in some tribes in Africa where friendship played very important role. Historically, friendship was formed as a social system in the Middle Ages in Europe. Moreover, trust and affection between friends are emphasized in almost all culture. Thus, friendship is regarded as a fundamental aspect of human nature. Friendship is a relationship which has equality and complement nature, and it has played the role of exchange in some social systems. Also, some societies regard friendship as important as kinship, because it proceeds economical and social negotiation outside the kinship system. Several examples are shown in this paper. In order to see friendship from a psychological point of view, the image of twins was proposed in connection with close friendship. In some society, a close friend is recognized as a substitute for twin, which represents half of one's soul. The image of twin-ship represents "a pair of souls", or "the other self." Brain says that the fundamental aspect of friendship is equality, the form of a pair in soul, and "the other self." So he thinks the image of twins is connected with friendship. Finally, we discussed gender difference in close friendship, and close friendship between the sexes. Men and women can form close friendship with each other. Equality, or the basic nature of friendship, enables men and women to communicate with each other apart from their sexual drives.

著者

須藤 春佳 Haruka SUDO 京都文教大学臨床心理学部臨床心理学科 Kyoto Bunkyo University Department of Clinical Psychology Faculty of Clinical Psychology

雑誌

臨床心理学部研究報告 = Reports from the Faculty of Clinical Psychology, Kyoto Bunkyo University (ISSN:18843751)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.99-108, 2009-03-31

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss close friendship from social, cultural, and psychological viewpoints. The definition of friend is made by Brain R (1976) as follows: person who is connected by means of affection or dearness, not by blood relation or Eros. In order to consider the meaning of close friendship, we referred to the research of comparative anthropology of Brain. Through his study, we could see how close friendship worked in some culture and society, especially in some tribes in Africa where friendship played very important role. Historically, friendship was formed as a social system in the Middle Ages in Europe. Moreover, trust and affection between friends are emphasized in almost all culture. Thus, friendship is regarded as a fundamental aspect of human nature. Friendship is a relationship which has equality and complement nature, and it has played the role of exchange in some social systems. Also, some societies regard friendship as important as kinship, because it proceeds economical and social negotiation outside the kinship system. Several examples are shown in this paper. In order to see friendship from a psychological point of view, the image of twins was proposed in connection with close friendship. In some society, a close friend is recognized as a substitute for twin, which represents half of one’s soul. The image of twin-ship represents “a pair of souls”, or “the other self.” Brain says that the fundamental aspect of friendship is equality, the form of a pair in soul, and “the other self.” So he thinks the image of twins is connected with friendship. Finally, we discussed gender difference in close friendship, and close friendship between the sexes. Men and women can form close friendship with each other. Equality, or the basic nature of friendship, enables men and women to communicate with each other apart from their sexual drives.