著者

Kei Kawai Hitoshi Matsui Reiji Kimura Masato Shinoda

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.239-245, 2021 (Released:2021-12-18)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

4

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The emission of Asian dust in arid regions of East Asia is controlled by many land surface parameters such as snow cover, soil moisture, and vegetation. In climate models, these factors are represented by the threshold friction velocity u*t, but its treatment has large uncertainties. Here we show that the treatment of u*t is important for estimating the emissions, transport, and climate impacts of Asian dust. Our global aerosol model simulates dust event frequencies that better agree with observations in East Asia when u*t over a smooth surface is changed from the default value of 0.23 m s−1 to an observation-based value of 0.40 m s−1. Also, seasonal Asian dust emissions become more variable, increasing by 31% in spring and decreasing by 46% in summer and fall, and the annual amounts of Asian dust transported and deposited over the North Pacific (Arctic) increase by 43% and 49% (130% and 73%), respectively. Our results demonstrate that better representation of u*t in climate models is necessary to improve estimates of the emissions and transport of Asian dust and better understand its roles in the Earth system, such as its interactions with radiation, clouds, snow/ice albedo, and land and ocean biogeochemistry.

著者

Kei Kawai Hitoshi Matsui Reiji Kimura Masato Shinoda

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-042, (Released:2021-11-02)

被引用文献数

4

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The emission of Asian dust in arid regions of East Asia is controlled by many land surface parameters such as snow cover, soil moisture, and vegetation. In climate models, these factors are represented by the threshold friction velocity u*t, but its treatment has large uncertainties. Here we show that the treatment of u*t is important for estimating the emissions, transport, and climate impacts of Asian dust. Our global aerosol model simulates dust event frequencies that better agree with observations in East Asia when u*t over a smooth surface is changed from the default value of 0.23 m s−1 to an observation-based value of 0.40 m s−1. Also, seasonal Asian dust emissions become more variable, increasing by 31% in spring and decreasing by 46% in summer and fall, and the annual amounts of Asian dust transported and deposited over the North Pacific (Arctic) increase by 43% and 49% (130% and 73%), respectively. Our results demonstrate that better representation of u*t in climate models is necessary to improve estimates of the emissions and transport of Asian dust and better understand its roles in the Earth system, such as its interactions with radiation, clouds, snow/ice albedo, and land and ocean biogeochemistry.

著者

松井 仁 浅井 哲子 Hitoshi MATSUI Tetsuko ASAI

雑誌

研究紀要 : 恵泉女学園短期大学園芸生活学科 = Research Bulletin : Published by Dept. Horticulture, Keisen Junior College

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.1-15, 1994-03

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Stem character, growing period, decease- and insect-resistance, fruit quality, fruit taste, fruit yielding ability, and seed number, weight and color were comparatively observed among 8 raspberry cultivars (Skeena, Haida, Scepter-66,Chilcotin, Meeker, Nootka, Willamette, Golden Queen), 9 blackberry cultivars (Thornless Logan, Boysen, Young-65,Marion, Olallie, Smoothstem-66,Smoothstem-Ta, Comanche-75,Cherokee-79) and one species related to raspberry (Rubus phoenicolasius). Observations were conducted in the experimental field of the Department of Horticulture, Keisen Jogaku-en Junior College, Isehara-city, Kanagawa, Japan for 8 years from 1983 to 1990. Among the raspberries, Meeker, which was determined to be the best, had good fruit quality, high yielding ability and disease- and insect-resistance. Nootka and Willamette followed. Among the blackberries, Boysen was highly rated owing to its extra large fruit size and high yielding ability. Comanche and Cherokee were also rated highly from their good fruit quality, stable high yielding ability and stem erectness. Both of them however had the disadvantage of large spines. Smoothstem-66 and Smoothstem-Ta, which were imported through different routes, were judged to belong different strains. Smoothstem-66 showed the superior fruit quarity, although both of Smoothstems were suitable for the processing use. R. phoenicolasius was recognized to be worthy of a breeding material because of its long lasting fruit quality and the disease- and insect resistance.