- 著者
- Jun HEMMI Seiya MAKINO Takehiro YOKOO Hiroshi KANO Yukio ASAMI Kazuyoshi TAKEDA Yoshio SUZUKI Sachio KAWAI Isao NAGAOKA Keisuke SAWAKI Ko OKUMURA
- 出版者
- BMFH Press
- 雑誌
- Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.42, no.1, pp.73-80, 2023 (Released:2023-01-01)
- 参考文献数
- 31
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Seasonal influenza is a major upper respiratory tract infection occurring in winter. Vaccination is the best method for preventing this infection. We conducted two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to examine whether consumption of yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1, which has been reported to reduce the risk of catching the common cold, augments serum antibody titers against seasonal influenza vaccines. In the first trial, which included university students, serum antibody titers against influenza A (H3N2) and B viruses were significantly higher in the yogurt group than in the placebo group. According to the guidelines established by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the assessment of vaccines, the seroconversion rate and mean geometric increase of influenza A (H3N2) and seroprotection of influenza B met the criteria only in the yogurt group. In the second trial, which included healthy adults, serum antibody titers against influenza A (H1N1) and B viruses were significantly higher in the yogurt group than in the placebo group. The seroconversion rate and mean geometric increase of influenza B met the EMA criteria only in the yogurt group. Furthermore, the cumulative days of ill health, such as throat complaints, upper respiratory inflammation, and cold, were significantly lower in the yogurt group than in the placebo group. Therefore, daily intake of yogurt fermented with L. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 could reduce the duration of symptoms caused by respiratory infections and act as a mucosal adjuvant enhancing acquired immune responses against vaccines, leading to the improvement of public health.
- 著者
- HIROSHI TAMURA JOHANNES REICH ISAO NAGAOKA
- 出版者
- 順天堂医学会
- 雑誌
- 順天堂醫事雑誌 (ISSN:21879737)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.62, no.2, pp.132-140, 2016 (Released:2016-07-02)
- 参考文献数
- 51
- 被引用文献数
- 6
The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test is the most sensitive and reliable assay for the detection of trace amounts of bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, or LPS), and is an accepted in vitro alternative to the rabbit pyrogen test for evaluations of parenteral drugs, biological products, and medical devices. There are three principal LAL tests, which can be categorized as both semi-quantitative and quantitative methods, including gel-clot, turbidimetric, and chromogenic assays. Since the 1970s, these tests have been successfully formulated and commercialized by US and Japanese manufacturers. More recently, in addition to the recombinant factor C-based assay, a novel product containing all of the recombinant coagulation factors from horseshoe crab has been developed, which may lead to the creation of a next generation LAL alternative. Furthermore, there are antimicrobial peptides called “host defense peptides (HDPs)” that play a key role in innate immune responses. The LAL test for HDP-related studies is challenging, because the active site of endotoxin could be masked by the binding with HDPs. Thus, it is very important to properly evaluate the actions of HDPs (human defensins and cathelicidin peptide LL-37) such as the neutralization of LPS, immunostimulatory functions, and anti-endotoxin activity. Moreover, sensitive detection of LPS in cell culture media should be conducted to address the problem of endotoxin contamination in the media. Here, we discuss the progress of LAL-based endotoxin assay technologies, as well as their applications and limitations, with a focus on innovative functional studies of HDPs.