- 著者
- Ichiro Honda Hiroshi Matsunaga Kaori Kikuchi Satoshi Matuo Machiko Fukuda Shunsuke Imanishi
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 園芸学会
- 雑誌
- The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.MI-120, (Released:2016-04-26)
- 被引用文献数
- 12
The roles of plant hormones in the early growth of pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum L.) were investigated. An exogenous hormone treatment study indicated that cytokinin (CK) was more effective at stimulating early fruit growth in two lines than auxin or gibberellin (GA). Endogenous levels of CKs, 3-indole-acetic acid (IAA), and GAs in young pollinated and unpollinated fruit of four lines (two with medium-sized and two with small fruit) were also investigated. In pollinated fruit, the level of trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) increased with fruit size. In unpollinated fruit, tZR did not increase in any lines. IAA levels decreased gradually after flowering and did not differ between pollinated and unpollinated fruit in any lines. Levels of GA1 in unpollinated fruit of the lines in which unpollinated fruit were relatively well enlarged were slightly higher. In the line in which unpollinated fruit could not enlarge, GA1 levels of all samples were lower than the others. These results indicate that tZR is important in the early enlargement of pollinated pepper fruit, and that GA1 is involved in early fruit enlargement, especially in unpollinated pepper.
- 著者
- Satoshi Matsuo Kenji Nanya Shunsuke Imanishi Ichiro Honda Eiji Goto
- 出版者
- The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science
- 雑誌
- The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.UTD-005, (Released:2018-10-20)
- 被引用文献数
- 13
Light quality is an important environmental factor that regulates stem length of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Previously, we showed that the stem length of tomato seedlings grown under red (R) light emitting diodes (LEDs) was significantly longer than that of seedlings grown under blue (B) LEDs or a mixture of B and R LEDs; further, the light intensity of B LED negatively correlated with the stem length. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of how B and R lights affect stem elongation. We analyzed the levels of gibberellins (GAs) and the expression of genes associated with their metabolism in tomato seedlings grown under different B and R light conditions. The level of bioactive GA, GA4, was significantly higher in the seedlings grown under R LED than in those grown under other light conditions. In addition, an increase in the B to R light ratio increased the transcript level of the GA inactivation enzyme gene, SlGA2ox7. Moreover, the transcript level of SlGA2ox7 increased with the intensity of B light, and was negatively correlated with the stem length of the seedlings. These results indicated that the B light intensity controlled GA inactivation of the seedlings, and endogenous GA contents may affect stem elongation. Further, we found that the transcript level of the GA biosynthesis enzyme gene, SlGA3ox3, in the seedlings grown under R LED was significantly higher than that under other light conditions. This could be due to depletion of B light and suggests that GA biosynthesis may be involved in the stem elongation of seedlings grown under low B light conditions.
- 著者
- Nobuhiro Kotoda Satoshi Matsuo Ichiro Honda Kanako Yano Tokurou Shimizu
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 園芸学会
- 雑誌
- The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.OKD-016, (Released:2016-09-27)
- 被引用文献数
- 5
Gibberellins (GAs) are involved in many aspects of plant growth and development in higher plants. In this study, we aimed to characterize Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) GA 2-oxidase genes encoding enzymes with GA inactivation activity because the accumulation of active GAs is regulated by the balance between their synthesis and inactivation. We showed that CuGA2ox4, CuGA2ox2/3, and CuGA2ox8 were differentially expressed in various tissues in Satsuma mandarin and that these genes functioned like GA 2-oxidase genes in transgenic Arabidopsis. The expression pattern of CuGA2ox4 resembled that of CuGA20ox1, which was reported previously as a Satsuma mandarin GA 20-oxidase gene, in the reproductive tissues of the adult trees in that both genes were expressed in juice sacs in November and December and peel in December, suggesting that CuGA2ox4 and CuGA20ox1 act in concert to regulate the accumulation of active GAs in fruit at the maturing stage. On the other hand, CuGA2ox2/3 and CuGA2ox8 were more highly expressed in seeds and flower buds, respectively. Further study of GA biosynthetic genes, including GA 2-oxidase genes, would provide insight into the mechanism of flowering, fruit development, seedlessness, biennial bearing, and peel puffins of citrus such as Satsuma mandarin.
- 著者
- Nobuhiro Kotoda Satoshi Matsuo Ichiro Honda Kanako Yano Tokurou Shimizu
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 園芸学会
- 雑誌
- The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.MI-085, (Released:2015-11-28)
- 被引用文献数
- 14
Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) has two GA 20-oxidase genes, CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2, and the genomic sequence for CuGA20ox1 is shorter than that for CuGA20ox2, although the coding region of cDNA for CuGA20ox1 is slightly longer than that for CuGA20ox2. Southern blot analysis revealed that 12 Citrus cultivars examined and trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] have at least two types of GA 20-oxidase genes, such as CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 genes. CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 were differentially expressed in various tissues. CuGA20ox1 was expressed in almost all of the tissues investigated with relatively higher expression in vegetative than in reproductive tissues, whereas CuGA20ox2 was specifically expressed in flower buds just before anthesis. These distinct expression patterns of CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 imply that function of these two genes diverged in the process of evolution. The specific and relatively higher expression of CuGA20ox2 in flower buds would explain why GA-like activity was higher in Satsuma mandarin’s ovaries at anthesis. Transgenic Arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh] plants ectopically expressing CuGA20ox1 or CuGA20ox2 were examined to elucidate the function of these two Satsuma mandarin genes. Phenotypic analysis revealed that both CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 caused elongated inflorescence but did not affect the timing of flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis as compared with wild-type controls. Ectopic expression of CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 significantly affected the levels of GA24 and GA34 on the non-13-hydroxylation pathway; GA24 decreased and GA34 increased. This observation indicates that both CuGA20ox1 and CuGA20ox2 accelerated the conversion of GA24, a substrate of a GA 20-oxidase, to GA9, a precursor of an active form of GA4. Likewise, on the early-13-hydroxylation pathway, ectopic expression of CuGA20ox1 significantly decreased GA19 and increased GA29 and GA8, inactive metabolites of 2-hydroxylation of GA20 and GA1, respectively, suggesting the activation of this biosynthetic pathway. CuGA20ox2 also had a tendency to activate the early-13-hydroxylation pathway although it increased only GA20 with a statistically significant difference. Taken together, we concluded that CuGA20ox1 and/or CuGA20ox2 activated both the early-13- and non-13-hydroxylation pathways for increasing active GAs, resulting in elongated inflorescences in transgenic Arabidopsis.