著者

Ikuma Nozaki Minori Tsukada Pech Sothy Kim Rattana Kate Williams

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01021, (Released:2023-06-20)

参考文献数

28

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Similar to other countries, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic significantly impacted not only the ability of midwives to deliver high quality maternal care, but also their ability to access professional development opportunities, including in-service training in Cambodia. In response, we developed a Cambodian version of Safe Delivery App (SDA), aligned to Cambodia's clinical guidelines. The SDA is a free digital job aid and learning platform for skilled birth attendants developed by Maternity Foundation that works offline and is used in more than 40 countries after adapting to the country context. In the year and a half since its launch in June 2021, SDA has become established in Cambodia, with more than 3,000 people, accounting for nearly half the number of midwives in Cambodia, downloading and using it on their devices, and 285 people having completed its self-learning modules. The review of the introduction process revealed that publicity on the professional association's social networking sites, in-person in-depth hands-on training, and troubleshooting in a managed social networking group were useful in promoting the use of the application, and that the Continuing Professional Development Program accreditation has been a strong motivator for completing the self-study program. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased use of digital tools, but it is important to prevent the expansion of the digital divide when implementing new digital tools, including SDA.

著者

Mami Wakabayashi Masahiko Hachiya Noriko Fujita Kenichi Komada Hiromi Obara Ikuma Nozaki Sumiyo Okawa Eiko Saito Yasushi Katsuma Hiroyasu Iso

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01049, (Released:2023-11-05)

参考文献数

31

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This study aimed to examine the changes that took place between 2015–2019 and 2020 and reveal how the COVID-19 pandemic affected financial contributions from donors. We used the Creditor Reporting System database of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to investigate donor disbursement. Focusing on the Group of Seven (G7) countries and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), we analyzed their development assistance for health (DAH) in 2020 and the change in their disbursement between 2015 and 2020. As a result, total disbursements for all sectors increased by 14% for the G7 and the BMGF. In 2020, there was an increase in DAH for the BMGF and the G7 except for the United States. The total disbursement amount for the "COVID-19" category by G7 countries and the BMGF was approximately USD 3 billion in 2020, which was 3 times larger than for Malaria, 8.5 times larger for Tuberculosis, and 60% smaller for STDs including HIV/AIDS for the same year. In 2020 as well, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, and Canada saw their disbursements decline for more than half of 26 sectors. In conclusion, the impact of COVID-19 was observed in the changes in DAH disbursement for three major infectious diseases and other sectors. To consistently address the health needs of low- and middle-income countries, it is important to perform a follow-up analysis of their COVID-19 disbursements and the influence of other DAH areas.

著者

Ikuma Nozaki Masahiko Hachiya Chieko Ikeda

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01002, (Released:2023-02-01)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

1

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Since Cambodia has been recognized as one of the low- and middle-income countries with a successful COVID-19 vaccine program, its program approaches were reviewed based mainly on press articles and announcements from the Ministry of Health. From the beginning, the government's proactive approach to securing vaccines and its flexibility prior to WHO Emergency Use Listing (EUL) contributed greatly to the success of the program. Vaccines were provided by COVAX and other countries, but more than half of the vaccines secured were Chinese vaccines purchased with government funds. The rollout of the vaccine has also been flexible, moving from a strategy of prioritizing risk groups and essential workers to one of expanding the campaign from population centers to rural areas, as well as gradually expanding the target age group, eventually targeting the population age 3 and older. As a result of this high level of commitment by the government and its flexible response, Cambodia has achieved 95% primary series coverage of the entire population, including those not eligible for vaccination. Although the sixth booster is now being administered in Cambodia and vaccination every six months was recommended, several challenges might be anticipated in continuing this program, including the lack of clear global guidance on how to sustain and modify the COVID-19 immunization program and vaccine fatigue after COVID-19 outbreaks have been controlled. How these challenges are overcome and how the COVID-19 vaccine program remains need to be carefully observed into the future.