著者

Rei Haruyama Hiromi Obara Noriko Fujita

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020.01070, (Released:2020-09-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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Following the global call to action by the World Health Organization (WHO), the world is currently moving to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem. To eliminate the cancer within this century, which is defined as an age-adjusted cervical cancer incidence rate (ASIR) below 4 per 100,000 women, WHO recommends all countries to achieve "90-70-90" targets for human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination, cervical cancer screening, and treatment of precancer and cancer by 2030. In Japan, ASIR has been rising since the late 1990s to 11.1 per 100,000 women, and this rise is particularly prominent in women of reproductive age. HPV vaccination coverage is as low as 0.3%, largely due to the Government’s ongoing suspension of proactive recommendations for the vaccine. Given the absence of centralized, population-based cervical cancer screening program and a nationwide surveillance system for systematic monitoring, the exact screening participation rate and treatment rate are difficult to estimate. A national survey suggested that only around 40% of women between the ages of 20 and 69 years underwent cervical cancer screening within the last two years. National policies and systems for HPV vaccination and screening should be updated in a more efficient way as new evidence and innovations become available. In the wake of powerful global momentum, actions must be taken now to further enhance cervical cancer control and ensure that Japanese girls and women are no longer left behind.

著者

Aya Tanaka Linka Koun Rei Haruyama Kyna Uy Maryan Chhit Lumpiny Kim Noriko Fujita Yutaka Osuga Tadashi Kimura Kanal Koum

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01002, (Released:2023-06-18)

参考文献数

21

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The clinical features of newly diagnosed cervical cancer in Cambodia are poorly documented. We aimed to describe the histologic type and stage distributions of newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients at the Khmer Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh, which is one of the two national cancer centers in Cambodia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the Gynecologic Test Registry of the gynecology department between January and December 2019. In 2019, 351 women were histologically diagnosed with cervical cancer, representing approximately one-third of the estimated total cases occurring in the country. The mean age at presentation was 54.7 years. The histologic type distribution was largely consistent with other Asian countries, with squamous cell carcinoma accounting for 83.8%, followed by adenocarcinoma (15.4%). Among 309 patients with recorded staging information, 57.6% were advanced-stage cancers (i.e. stage IIB or higher). Raising awareness of early symptoms of cervical cancer, increasing access to cancer diagnosis, and better recording of patients’ clinical information are important to improve cervical cancer management in Cambodia.

著者

Mami Wakabayashi Masahiko Hachiya Noriko Fujita Kenichi Komada Hiromi Obara Ikuma Nozaki Sumiyo Okawa Eiko Saito Yasushi Katsuma Hiroyasu Iso

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01049, (Released:2023-11-05)

参考文献数

31

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This study aimed to examine the changes that took place between 2015–2019 and 2020 and reveal how the COVID-19 pandemic affected financial contributions from donors. We used the Creditor Reporting System database of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to investigate donor disbursement. Focusing on the Group of Seven (G7) countries and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), we analyzed their development assistance for health (DAH) in 2020 and the change in their disbursement between 2015 and 2020. As a result, total disbursements for all sectors increased by 14% for the G7 and the BMGF. In 2020, there was an increase in DAH for the BMGF and the G7 except for the United States. The total disbursement amount for the "COVID-19" category by G7 countries and the BMGF was approximately USD 3 billion in 2020, which was 3 times larger than for Malaria, 8.5 times larger for Tuberculosis, and 60% smaller for STDs including HIV/AIDS for the same year. In 2020 as well, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, and Canada saw their disbursements decline for more than half of 26 sectors. In conclusion, the impact of COVID-19 was observed in the changes in DAH disbursement for three major infectious diseases and other sectors. To consistently address the health needs of low- and middle-income countries, it is important to perform a follow-up analysis of their COVID-19 disbursements and the influence of other DAH areas.

著者

Eiichi Shimizu Yuta Yokobori Kazuki Miyazaki Kaori Ohara Megumi Fujii Tomoko Nishioka Noriko Fujita

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01008, (Released:2022-11-04)

参考文献数

20

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The introduction of health products to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is hindered by several barriers. Even when these barriers are overcome, improper use of health products can have a negative effect on health outcomes. Health products may go unused due to a mismatch of product needs as well as a lack of public infrastructure, spare parts and consumables, or trained technicians. This study presents a comprehensive framework of the essential steps for effectively delivering quality health products to people in need based on our document reviews and case studies. We divide the value chain of health products into seven steps: 1) situation analysis, 2) research and development, 3) regulatory authorization, 4) selection and prioritization, 5) public procurement, 6) distribution and storage, and 7) health service delivery. We find that the practice of undertaking one step at a time leads to enormous costs in terms of time and resources, often with little success. Failed attempts sometimes necessitate starting over from the beginning. Therefore, it is important to attempt each step while looking ahead to the end through the entire chain of seven steps. More in-depth analysis and lessons from best practices for each of the seven steps may need to be investigated further to consider possible interventions.

著者

Mami Wakabayashi Yasunori Ichimura Eiichi Shimizu Tomoko Nishioka Yuzuru Kono Masahiko Doi Yuriko Egami Tomoka Kadowaki Hiroyasu Iso Noriko Fujita

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01032, (Released:2022-02-26)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has been utilizing Emergency Use Listing (EUL) to expand access to medical products during the COVID-19 pandemic. EUL is a risk-based procedure for assessing and listing unlicensed vaccines, medicine, and in vitro diagnostics. To determine whether Japanese medical products acquired EUL relating to COVID-19, we conducted desk research as a part of a new project. Results showed that thirteen of twenty-eight in vitro diagnostic products were from China and three of ten vaccines on EUL were from India. However, only one vaccine manufactured in Japan was on EUL. A common weakness of Japanese companies in the global public procurement market was a lack of knowledge on qualification systems for medical products. We hypothesized holistic approaches from private companies and systematic supports from public sectors are required for a response to an emergency. These activities could lead to contribute to global health issues through sustainable businesses.