著者

JUDT Falko KLOCKE Daniel RIOS-BERRIOS Rosimar VANNIERE Benoit ZIEMEN Florian AUGER Ludovic BIERCAMP Joachim BRETHERTON Christopher CHEN Xi DÜBEN Peter HOHENEGGER Cathy KHAIROUTDINOV Marat KODAMA Chihiro KORNBLUEH Luis LIN Shian-Jiann NAKANO Masuo NEUMANN Philipp PUTMAN William RÖBER Niklas ROBERTS Malcolm SATOH Masaki SHIBUYA Ryosuke STEVENS Bjorn VIDALE Pier Luigi WEDI Nils ZHOU Linjiong

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-029, (Released:2021-01-21)

被引用文献数

26

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Recent progress in computing and model development has initiated the era of global storm-resolving modeling and with it the potential to transform weather and climate prediction. Within the general theme of vetting this new class of models, the present study evaluates nine global-storm resolving models in their ability to simulate tropical cyclones (TCs). Results show that, broadly speaking, the models produce realistic TCs and remove longstanding issues known from global models such as the deficiency to accurately simulate TC intensity. However, TCs are strongly affected by model formulation, and all models suffer from unique biases regarding the number of TCs, intensity, size, and structure. Some models simulated TCs better than others, but no single model was superior in every way. The overall results indicate that global storm-resolving models are able to open a new chapter in TC prediction, but they need to be improved to unleash their full potential.

著者

HOHENEGGER Cathy KORNBLUEH Luis KLOCKE Daniel BECKER Tobias CIONI Guido ENGELS Jan Frederik SCHULZWEIDA Uwe STEVENS Bjorn

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-005, (Released:2019-11-10)

被引用文献数

53

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Basic climate statistics, such as water and energy budgets, location and width of the InterTropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), trimodal tropical cloud distribution, position of the polar jet and land-sea contrast remain either biased in coarse-resolution General Circulation Models or are tuned. Here we examine the horizontal resolution dependency of such statistics in a set of global convection-permitting simulations integrated with the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model, explicit convection and grid spacings ranging from 80 km down to 2.5 km. The impact of resolution is quantified by comparing the resolution-induced differences to the spread obtained in an ensemble of eight distinct global storm-resolving models. Using this metric, we find that, at least by 5 km, the resolution-induced differences become smaller than the spread in 26 out of the 27 investigated statistics. Even for 9 (18) of these statistics, a grid spacing of 80 (10) km does not lead to significant differences. Resolution down to 5 km matters especially for net shortwave radiation, which systematically increases with resolution due to reductions in low cloud amount over the subtropical oceans. Further resolution dependencies can be found in the land-to-ocean precipitation ratio, in the latitudinal position and width of the Pacific ITCZ and in the longitudinal position of the Atlantic ITCZ. Also in the tropics, the deep convective cloud population systematically increases at the expense of the shallow one, whereas the partition of congestus clouds remains fairly constant. Finally, refining the grid spacing systematically moves the simulations closer to observations, but climate statistics exhibiting weaker resolution dependencies are not necessarily associated with smaller biases.