著者

Miho Morita Shodai Tachiyama Ko Onodera Alan Hase

出版者

Japanese Society of Tribologists

雑誌

Tribology Online (ISSN:18812198)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.78-85, 2022-04-30 (Released:2022-04-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

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Sulfur and phosphorus additives are used in lubricants as extreme-pressure and antiwear agents, which are typically used together to ensure reliability over a wide range of lubrication conditions. However, the working mechanism of the combined additive system has not been clearly defined due to difficulties obtaining information on the material surface where these additives work. This is because this surface is constantly being worn during testing. Therefore, in situ analysis applying an acoustic emission (AE) technique was proposed. AEs are elastic stress waves generated during the deformation and fracture of solids, which can be measured in real-time, providing information with respect to the magnitudes and types of damage. In this paper, an application of the AE helps to clarify how each additive acts on the surface in real-time. The working mechanism to understand improved reliability using both sulfur and phosphorous additives was investigated by the AE technique, along with conventional surface analysis methods. It is concluded that wear reducing properties were improved by the reaction of sulfur additives to remove the protruded parts, followed by the reaction of phosphorous additives to form a protective antiwear film.

著者

小野寺 康 Ko Onodera

出版者

東京理科大学

巻号頁・発行日

2021-03-18

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2020年度

著者

Ryutaro Arita Rie Ono Natsumi Saito Satoko Suzuki Akiko Kikuchi Minoru Ohsawa Yasunori Tadano Tetsuya Akaishi Takeshi Kanno Michiaki Abe Ko Onodera Shin Takayama Tadashi Ishii

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.257, no.3, pp.241-249, 2022 (Released:2022-07-02)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

2

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a variety of pain symptoms in the acute phase. Severe chest pain suddenly occurs even without abnormalities on examination and is sometimes refractory to analgesics. Such pain is a clinical concern in care facilities with limited resources, and this is the first report on the use of saikanto for its treatment. In Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms were admitted to a hotel that operated as an isolation facility, and their symptoms were observed. In this article, we report four cases in which chest pain comorbid with mild to moderate COVID-19 was successfully treated with saikanto, a traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine. The patients presented with chest pain and underwent medical examination at the facility. Two patients had severe chest pain refractory to acetaminophen. Critical cardiopulmonary diseases were ruled out in all the patients, and three patients had features of pneumonia on chest radiograph. Medications, including saikanto, were administered to the patients. The patients’ chest pain and other symptoms improved 1-4 days after the administration of saikanto, and they left the care facility without hospitalization. The cause of the chest pain experienced by these patients is unclear, but we speculate that it could be minimal pleural inflammation or neuropathy. Previous pharmacological studies have suggested anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the crude drugs that constitute saikanto. This case report suggests that saikanto could be a treatment option for chest pain refractory to analgesics in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.