著者

Hiroaki Furuta Katsuhiro Mizuno Kei Unai Hiroki Ebata Keita Yamauchi Michiko Watanabe

出版者

The Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine

雑誌

Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:24321354)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.20230039, 2023 (Released:2023-11-07)

参考文献数

33

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Objectives: This study investigated the transition patterns of activities of daily living (ADL) status based on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor and cognitive items in patients who experienced subacute stroke.Methods: In this single-site, retrospective investigation, 1592 FIM samples were collected during the hospitalization of 373 stroke patients who were admitted between April 2018 and March 2020. FIM item levels were transformed from seven to three (FIM1–2, Complete Dependence; FIM3–5, Modified Dependence; FIM6-7, Independence). FIM samples were classified by latent class modeling into six latent ADL states based on the independence levels of FIM motor and cognitive items. We created an ADL status transition diagram based on the FIM sample’s probability of belonging to each status at different hospitalization timepoints.Results: Transition diagrams for each ADL status at admission revealed distinct patterns. In two ADL statuses for which patients required full assistance in FIM motor items, the patients remained motor-dependent without achieving independence on discharge. In contrast, patients in transition from the other four ADL statuses largely achieved independence in motor items by the time of discharge. The time required to reach higher ADL status varied according to the initial ADL status at admission; the slowest improvement was observed in statuses initially classified as needing the most assistance, whereas many patients achieved transition within 3 months from admission.Conclusions: Based on the characteristics of patient ADL status and timing of its changes, the classification of ADL status and visualization of ADL transition can contribute to improved treatment.

著者

Tomoko Tsubokawa Yugo Shobugawa Seitaro Iguchi Tsubasa Suzuki Michiko Watanabe Reiko Saito Katsunori Kondo

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.254-269, 2022-06-05 (Released:2022-06-05)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

3

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Background: Homebound status is one of the most important risk factors associated with functional decline and long-term care in older adults. Studies show that neighborhood built environment and community social capital may be related to homebound status. This study aimed to clarify the association between homebound status for community-dwelling older adults and community environment—including social capital and neighborhood built environment—in rural and urban areas.Methods: We surveyed people aged 65 years and older residing in three municipalities of Niigata Prefecture, Japan, who were not certified as requiring long-term care. The dependent variable was homebound status; explanatory variables were community-level social capital and neighborhood built environment. Covariates were age, sex, household, marital status, socioeconomic status, instrumental activities of daily living, the Geriatric Depression Scale-15, self-rated health, number of diseases under care, and individual social capital. The association between community social capital or neighborhood built environment and homebound status, stratified by rural/urban areas, was investigated using multilevel logistic regression analysis.Results: Among older adults (n = 18,099), the homebound status prevalence rate was 6.9% in rural areas and 4.2% in urban areas. The multilevel analysis showed that, in rural areas, fewer older adults were homebound in communities with higher civic participation and with suitable parks or pavements for walking and exercising. However, no significant association was found between community social capital or neighborhood built environment and homebound status for urban older adults.Conclusion: Community social capital and neighborhood built environment were significantly associated with homebound status in older adults in rural areas.

著者

Michiko WATANABE Norikazu FUJII Soichi ARAI

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry (ISSN:00021369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.6, pp.1587-1592, 1982 (Released:2006-03-27)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

9

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A papain-catalyzed reaction involving covalent incorporation of L-leucine n-alkyl ester is available for producing an enzymatically modified protein (EMP) with surfactancy [Agric. Biol. Chem., 45, 1621 (1981)]. In the present work we used gelatin as a starting material and incorporated L-leucine n-hexyl ester to produce a whippable EMP and L-leucine n-dodecyl ester to produce an emulsifiable EMP. A foam system formed with the whippable EMP was much stabler than that formed with sodium dodecylsulfate. The emulsifiable EMP also gave a much stabler oil-in-water emulsion than Tween-80 did. The stability of the emulsion formed with EMP was not affected by the presence of NaCl at a very high concentration. The observed foam and emulsion stabilities were well explained by the data for decreased mobility of the involved water protons. These results may indicate that EMP molecules, when arranged at the air/water or oil/water interface, can bind a part of the water to form thick barriers which prevent the air or oil particles from coalescing.

著者

渡辺 美知子 外山 翔平 Michiko WATANABE Shohei TOYAMA

出版者

国立国語研究所

雑誌

国立国語研究所論集 (ISSN:2186134X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.12, pp.181-203, 2017-01

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筆者らは,言い淀み分布の日英語対照研究のために,『日本語話し言葉コーパス(CSJ)』中の模擬講演データに類似した『英語話し言葉コーパス(COPE)』を構築している。本稿では,まず,アメリカ英語話者20名のスピーチからなるこのコーパスの概要を紹介した。次に,その中でのフィラーの分布を日本語のフィラーの分布と比較した予備的考察について述べた。100語あたりのフィラーの頻度は,英語が4回/100語,日本語が6回/100語だった。しかし,単位時間あたりの頻度に有意差はなかった。また,日本語の方が英語よりも,頻度に男女差が大きかった。さらに,文境界と節境界におけるフィラーの出現率を両言語で比較し,それに関係する要因を調べたところ,日本語では性別の影響が最も大きいのに対し,英語では,文頭か非文頭かの要因の影響が最も大きかった。今後も,個人差を考慮して,対照研究を進める予定である。"The Corpus of Oral Presentations in English (COPE)" is under construction to conduct contrastive studies of speech disfluencies in English and Japanese. COPE is composed of 20 speeches by native speakers of American English. In the present paper, we first described the corpus followed by a report of some preliminary findings about filled pause (FP). Frequencies of FPs were 4/100 words in English and 6/100 words in Japanese. However, the frequencies per second did not significantly differ between the two languages. Gender specific difference was obvious in Japanese but hardly observed in English. Male speakers used more FPs than female speakers did in Japanese. Possible factors related with FP rates at sentence and clause boundaries were also investigated and discussed.