著者

NAOE Hiroaki MATSUMOTO Takanori UENO Keisuke MAKI Takashi DEUSHI Makoto TAKEUCHI Ayako

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-019, (Released:2020-02-03)

被引用文献数

1

---

This study constructs a merged total column ozone (TCO) dataset using 20 available satellite Level 2 TCO (L2SAT) datasets over 40 years from 1978 to 2017. The individual 20 datasets and the merged TCO dataset are corrected against ground-based Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometer TCO (GD) measurements. Two bias correction methods are used: simple linear regression (SLR) as a function of time and multiple linear regression (MLR) as a function of time, solar zenith angle, and effective ozone temperature. All of the satellite datasets are consistent with GD within ±2-3%, except for some degraded data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer/Earth Probe during a period of degraded calibration and from the Ozone Mapping and Profiling Suite (OMPS) provided from NOAA at an early stage of measurements. OMPS data provided from NASA show fairly stable L2SAT-GD differences. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment/MetOp-A and -B datasets show abrupt changes of approximately 8 DU coincident with the change of retrieval algorithm. For the TCO merged datasets created by averaging all coincident data located within a grid cell from the 20 satellite-borne TCO datasets, the differences between corrected and uncorrected TCOs by MLR are generally positive at lower latitudes where the bias correction increases TCO because of low effective ozone temperature. In the trend analysis, the difference between corrected and uncorrected TCO trends by MLR shows clear seasonal and latitudinal dependency, whereas such seasonal and latitudinal dependency is lost by SLR. The root mean square difference of L2SAT-GD for the uncorrected merged datasets, 8.6 DU, is reduced to 8.4 DU after correction using SLR and MLR. Therefore, the empirically corrected merged TCO datasets that are converted into time-series homogenization with high temporal-resolution are suitable as a data source for trend analyses as well as assimilation for long-term reanalysis.

著者

YAMASHITA Yousuke NAOE Hiroaki INOUE Makoto TAKAHASHI Masaaki

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-057, (Released:2018-10-05)

被引用文献数

9

---

We investigate the effects of the stratospheric equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the extratropical circulation in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) from SH winter to early summer. The Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) dataset is used for 1960–2010. The factors important for the variation of zonal wind of the SH polar vortex are identified via multiple linear regression, using Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), middle- and lower-stratospheric QBO, solar cycle, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and volcanic aerosol terms as explanatory variables. The results show that the contributions to the SH polar vortex variability of ENSO are important in SH early winter (June) to mid-winter (July), while that of middle-stratospheric QBO is important from spring (September to November) to early summer (December). Analyses of the regression coefficients associated with both middle- and lower-stratospheric QBO suggest an influence on the SH polar vortex from SH winter through early summer in the seasonal evolution. One possible pathway is that the middle-stratospheric QBO results in the SH low-latitudes stratospheric response through the QBO-induced mean meridional circulation, leading to a high-latitude response. This favours delayed downward evolution of the polar-night jet (PNJ) at high latitudes (around 60°S) from late winter (August) to spring (September–November) during the westerly phase of the QBO, consequently tending to strengthen westerly winds from stratosphere to troposphere in SH spring. The other possible pathway involves the response to lower-stratospheric QBO that induces the SH late winter increase in upward propagation of planetary waves from the extratropical troposphere to stratosphere, which is consistent with weakening of the PNJ.

著者

KOSAKA Yuki KOBAYASHI Shinya HARADA Yayoi KOBAYASHI Chiaki NAOE Hiroaki YOSHIMOTO Koichi HARADA Masashi GOTO Naochika CHIBA Jotaro MIYAOKA Kengo SEKIGUCHI Ryohei DEUSHI Makoto KAMAHORI Hirotaka NAKAEGAWA Tosiyuki TANAKA Taichu Y. TOKUHIRO Takayuki SATO Yoshiaki MATSUSHITA Yasuhiro ONOGI Kazutoshi

出版者

公益社団法人 日本気象学会

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2024-004, (Released:2023-11-02)

被引用文献数

4

---

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has developed the third Japanese global atmospheric reanalysis, the Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century (JRA-3Q). The objective of JRA-3Q is to improve quality in terms of issues identified in the previous Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) and to extend the reanalysis period further into the past. JRA-3Q is based on the TL479 version of the JMA global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) system as of December 2018 and uses results of developments in the operational NWP system, boundary conditions, and forcing fields achieved at JMA since JRA-55. It covers the period from September 1947, when Typhoon Kathleen brought severe flood damage to Japan, and uses rescued historical observations to extend its analyses backwards in time about 10 years earlier than JRA-55. This paper describes the data assimilation system, forecast model, observations, boundary conditions, and forcing fields used to produce JRA-3Q as well as the basic characteristics of the JRA-3Q product. The initial quality evaluation revealed major improvements from JRA-55 in the global energy budget and representation of tropical cyclones (TCs). One of the major problems in JRA-55—global energy imbalance with excess upward net energy flux at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface—has been significantly reduced in JRA-3Q. Another problem—a trend of artificial weakening of TCs—has been resolved through the use of a method that generates TC bogus based on the JMA operational system. There remain several problems such that volcanic-induced stratospheric warming is smaller than expected. This paper discusses the causes of such problems and possible solutions in future reanalyses.

著者

SHIBATA Kiyotaka NAOE Hiroaki

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-001, (Released:2021-09-30)

被引用文献数

1

---

Decadal variations of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the equatorial stratosphere are investigated, using the Singapore data and reanalysis data from 1950s to 2019/2020. It is found that the QBO is decadally modulated in the amplitude as well as in the period. These two decadal variations are positively correlated with each other after 1980s, while they show approximately negative correlation before 1980s. In the time series of the QBO amplitude from 1950s to 2014, there are four maxima (QBOmax) around 1967, 1983, 1995, and 2005, and three minima (QBOmin) around 1973, 1988, and 2000. Composite analyses of QBOmax and QBOmin based on these extrema reveal that the decadal amplitude variations have maximum amplitude of about 3 m s−1 at 20 hPa in the vertical. In the horizontal structure there appear off-equator extrema of about 3.5 m s−1 around 5°N at 20 hPa, while at 50 hPa extrema of about 1.8 m s−1 are situated around 5°S. The decadal amplitude variations of the QBO are closely and positively correlated with the decadal components of Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTa) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) index, suggesting that the tropical SSTa in the central Pacific substantially influences the QBO in the decadal time-scales.