著者

NISHIOKA Midori SUMIDA Masayuki OHTA Shigeru SUZUKI Hiroshi

出版者

広島大学

雑誌

Scientific report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology (ISSN:03863166)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.53-96, 1987-12

被引用文献数

3

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Speciation of three allied genera, Buergeria, Rhacophorus and Polypedates, distributed in the Far East, was biochemically examined by the electrophoretic method. Electrophoretic patterns of 16 enzymes extracted from the skeletal muscles and livers and three blood proteins were analyzed in 257 frogs belonging to 14 populations, including one of Buergeria buergeri, four of B. japonica, two of Rhacophorus arboreus, two of Rh. schlegelii, three of Rh. viridis, one of Rh. taipeianus and one of Polypedates leucomystax. These frogs had 25 loci in total. While 10 enzymes, ADA, ADH, AK, CK, Fum, α-GDH, GPI, ME, MPI and PGM, and three blood proteins, Ab, Prot-C and Hb, had a single locus, the other six enzymes, AAT, IDH, LDH, MDH, Pep and SOD, had two loci. At each of the 25 loci, there were 3∿33 phenotypes, 10.6 on the average, produced by 3∿17 alleles, 7.5 on the average. The mean proportions of heterozygous loci per individual in each of the 10 populations of Buergeria and Rhacophorus which were 5∿58 in sample size were 4.0∿23.0%, 12.0% on the average, when examined at the 25 loci controlling 16 enzymes and three blood proteins. These 10 populations were 24∿68%, 44.8% on the average, in mean proportion of polymorphic loci per population and 1.28∿2.12,1.64 on the average, in mean number of alleles per locus. Genetic distances were estimated from gene frequencies by the method of NEI (1972,1975). Those among different populations of B. japonica, Rh. arboreus and Rh. schlegelii were 0.003∿0.270,and those among different subspecies of Rh. viridis were 0.277∿0.865. The genetic distances among four species, Rh. arboreus, Rh. schlegelii, Rh. viridis and Rh. taipeianus, were 0.301∿0.854,while those between Buergeria buergeri and four populations of B. japonica were 2.045∿2.243. The genetic distances between Polypedates and Buergeria and between Polypedates and Rhacophorus were 3.073∿4.572 and 1.183∿1.445,respectively. The genetic distances between Buergeria and Rhacophorus were very large, being from 2.782 to unlimited number owing to nonexistence of common alleles between them. A dendrogram was drawn for the species and populations of Buergeria, Rhacophorus and Polypedates on the basis of genetic distances by the UPGMA clustering method (SNEATH and SOKAL, 1973; NEI, 1975).

著者

NISHIOKA Midori HANADA Hideki MIURA Ikuo RYUZAKI Masashi

出版者

広島大学

雑誌

Scientific report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology (ISSN:03863166)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.1-34, 1994-12

被引用文献数

2

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The sex chromosomes of Rana rugosa distributed widely in Japan were analyzed by the methods of conventional staining, C-banding and late replication (LR)-banding on 196 frogs consisting of 105 females and 91 males belonging to 24 populations of one group and three subgroups. The chromosome numbers of these frogs were all of 2n=26. The 12 pairs other than chromosome pair No. 7 had no sex differences in all the populations. In chromosome pair No. 7,sex-specific changes were found among some local populations. Seven populations belonging to the northern subgroup of the eastern group, including the Asahikawa and Sapporo populations in Hokkaido region, the Hirosaki, Akita and Inawashiro populations in Tohoku region, the Murakami and Kanazawa populations in Hokuriku region and the Katata population in Kinki region of the southern subgroup, had chromosome pair No. 7 which was the sex chromosomes of the ZW type. The Z chromosome was subtelo- or submetacentric, while the W chromosome was metacentric. By the C-banding and LR-banding patterns, the Z chromosome was divided into five types, Z^A, Z^B, Z^C, Z^D and Z^O, while the W chromosome was divided into two types, W^1 and W^2. Five populations of the southern subgroup of the eastern group, including the Toba population in Kinki region, and the Oigawa, Hamakita, Miyakoda and Yonezu populations in Chubu region,...