- 著者
- NISHIOKA Midori SUMIDA Masayuki OHTA Shigeru SUZUKI Hiroshi
- 出版者
- 広島大学
- 雑誌
- Scientific report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology (ISSN:03863166)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.9, pp.53-96, 1987-12
- 被引用文献数
- 3
Speciation of three allied genera, Buergeria, Rhacophorus and Polypedates, distributed in the Far East, was biochemically examined by the electrophoretic method. Electrophoretic patterns of 16 enzymes extracted from the skeletal muscles and livers and three blood proteins were analyzed in 257 frogs belonging to 14 populations, including one of Buergeria buergeri, four of B. japonica, two of Rhacophorus arboreus, two of Rh. schlegelii, three of Rh. viridis, one of Rh. taipeianus and one of Polypedates leucomystax. These frogs had 25 loci in total. While 10 enzymes, ADA, ADH, AK, CK, Fum, α-GDH, GPI, ME, MPI and PGM, and three blood proteins, Ab, Prot-C and Hb, had a single locus, the other six enzymes, AAT, IDH, LDH, MDH, Pep and SOD, had two loci. At each of the 25 loci, there were 3∿33 phenotypes, 10.6 on the average, produced by 3∿17 alleles, 7.5 on the average. The mean proportions of heterozygous loci per individual in each of the 10 populations of Buergeria and Rhacophorus which were 5∿58 in sample size were 4.0∿23.0%, 12.0% on the average, when examined at the 25 loci controlling 16 enzymes and three blood proteins. These 10 populations were 24∿68%, 44.8% on the average, in mean proportion of polymorphic loci per population and 1.28∿2.12,1.64 on the average, in mean number of alleles per locus. Genetic distances were estimated from gene frequencies by the method of NEI (1972,1975). Those among different populations of B. japonica, Rh. arboreus and Rh. schlegelii were 0.003∿0.270,and those among different subspecies of Rh. viridis were 0.277∿0.865. The genetic distances among four species, Rh. arboreus, Rh. schlegelii, Rh. viridis and Rh. taipeianus, were 0.301∿0.854,while those between Buergeria buergeri and four populations of B. japonica were 2.045∿2.243. The genetic distances between Polypedates and Buergeria and between Polypedates and Rhacophorus were 3.073∿4.572 and 1.183∿1.445,respectively. The genetic distances between Buergeria and Rhacophorus were very large, being from 2.782 to unlimited number owing to nonexistence of common alleles between them. A dendrogram was drawn for the species and populations of Buergeria, Rhacophorus and Polypedates on the basis of genetic distances by the UPGMA clustering method (SNEATH and SOKAL, 1973; NEI, 1975).
- 著者
- Makino Yukiko Tanaka Satoshi Kurobane Shingo NAKAUCHI Masato TERASAKI Takahiro OHTA Shigeru
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人日本薬学会
- 雑誌
- Journal of health science (ISSN:13449702)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.49, no.2, pp.129-137, 2003-04-01
- 参考文献数
- 7
- 被引用文献数
- 4 23
We have investigated 100 illegal amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) tablets seized in Japan to obtain information about the nature of these tablets abused in Japan. For physical characterization, 15 items (logo, vertical view, colour, diameter, weight, smell, <I>etc</I>.) were measured and a photograph was taken. For chemical characterization, the components in the tablet were identified by GC-MS and HPLC, and quantified by HPLC using an ODS-type column. The maximum content of <I>N</I>-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA) was 189 mg/tablet and that of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) was 87 mg/tablet. The detected components, other than MDMA and MDA, were <I>N</I>-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDEA), ephedrine, caffeine, ketamine, and methamphetamine. In this report, we propose a method for profiling ATS tablets.
- 著者
- TAYAMA Yoshitaka MORIYASU Aya SUGIHARA Kazumi OHTA Shigeru KITAMURA Shigeyuki
- 出版者
- The Japanese Society for the Study of Xenobiotics
- 雑誌
- Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (ISSN:13474367)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.22, no.2, pp.119-124, 2007-04-25
- 参考文献数
- 41
- 被引用文献数
- 12
In this study, the developmental changes and variability of aldehyde oxidase in postnatal rat liver were examined. Postnatal day 1, 7 and 14 rats showed little or no liver aldehyde oxidase activity, as evaluated in terms of the activities for oxidation of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid, <i>N</i>-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) to <i>N</i>-1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-PY) and <i>N</i>-1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide (4-PY), and methotrexate (MTX) to 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX). However, these oxidase activities were markedly increased in liver cytosol from the rats after postnatal day 14. The activity was then maintained up to 6 weeks. The amounts of 2-PY and 4-PY formed from NMN were almost the same. The development of aldehyde oxidase activity toward benzaldehyde was closely correlated with that of oxidase activity toward NMN and MTX. The expression of aldehyde oxidase at postnatal day 14 was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. The density of bands of aldehyde oxidase was closely correlated with the oxidase activity toward benzaldehyde. The developmental changes of aldehyde oxidase activities during postnatal reflected the changes in the amount of the oxidase protein. Thus, aldehyde oxidase activity in rats rapidly increases from birth, reaching a plateau within 4 weeks, and is regulated by expression of the protein.<br>