- 著者
- Mai INOUE Nigel C. L. KWAN Katsuaki SUGIURA
- 出版者
- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.17-0384, (Released:2018-05-24)
- 被引用文献数
- 31
The life expectancy provides valuable information about population health. The life expectancies were evaluated in 12,039 dogs which were buried or cremated during January 2012 to March 2015. The data of dogs were collected at the eight animal cemeteries in Tokyo. The overall life expectancy of dogs was 13.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 13.7–13.8) years. The probability of death was high in the first year of life, lowest in the fourth year, and increased exponentially after four years of age like Gompertz curve in semilog graph. The life expectancy of companion dogs in Tokyo has increased 1.67fold from 8.6 years to 13.7 years over the past three decades. Canine crossbreed life expectancy (15.1 years, 95% CI 14.9–15.3) was significantly greater than pure breed life expectancy (13.6 years, 95% CI 13.5–13.7, P<0.001). The life expectancy for male and for female dogs were 13.6 (95% CI: 13.5–13.7) and 13.5 (95% CI: 13.4–13.6) years, respectively, with no significant difference (P=0.099). In terms of the median age of death and life expectancy for major breeds, Shiba had the highest median age of death (15.8 years), life expectancy (15.5 years) and French Bulldog had the lowest median age of death (10.2 years), life expectancy (10.2 years). When considering life expectancy alone, these results suggest that the health of companion dogs in Japan has significantly improved over the past 30 years.
- 著者
- Akio Yamada Kohei Makita Hazumu Kadowaki Naoto Ito Makoto Sugiyama Nigel C.L. Kwan Katsuaki Sugiura
- 出版者
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases
- 雑誌
- Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.72, no.4, pp.203-210, 2019 (Released:2019-07-24)
- 参考文献数
- 58
- 被引用文献数
- 7 10
Although rabies still kills many people, the global eradication of human rabies is considered to be feasible. Progress towards eradication may differ among regions with differing socio-economic statuses; therefore, states that successfully eradicate this disease must be vigilant for rabies re-emergence. Here, we discuss challenges that remain concerning current rabies prevention measures and risk assessment results concerning possible rabies introduction and spread in rabies-free Japan. We summarize the preventative measures undertaken by representative rabies-free countries and regions. Our risk assessment results show that the risk of rabies reintroduction under current circumstances is very low, and that subsequent spread of the disease would be minimal because of quite low value of basic reproduction number. Similar assessments conducted in other rabies-free areas also showed limited risks of introduction. The majority of rabies-free countries maintain their rabies-free status through strict import quarantine of carnivorous animals, efficient surveillance of animal rabies including wildlife, quick emergency responses, and raising public awareness of the disease. To maintain the current rabies-free status in Japan, we strongly recommend maintaining the current quarantine system and reinforcing stakeholder compliance for those involved in international movement of dogs. Moreover, sustainable surveillance systems targeting wildlife are indispensable.
- 著者
- Akio Yamada Kohei Makita Hazumu Kadowaki Naoto Ito Makoto Sugiyama Nigel C.L. Kwan Katsuaki Sugiura
- 出版者
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee
- 雑誌
- Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.JJID.2018.431, (Released:2018-12-25)
- 参考文献数
- 58
- 被引用文献数
- 10
Although rabies still kills many people, global eradication of human rabies is considered to be feasible. Because the progress toward eradication may be different among regions with different socio-economic status, states that successfully eradicate this disease must be vigilant for re-emergence of rabies. In this article, we describe arguments over current rabies prevention measures and risk assessment results for rabies introduction and spread in rabies-free Japan. We also summarize the measures taken by representative countries and regions free from rabies. Our risk assessment results revealed that the risk of rabies reintroduction under current circumstances is very low, and that subsequent spread of the disease would be minimal because of quite low value of basic reproduction number. Similar assessments conducted in other rabies-free areas also showed quite limited risks of introduction. The majority of rabies-free countries maintain their rabies-free status through strict import quarantine of carnivorous animals, efficient surveillance of animal rabies including wildlife, quick emergency responses, and raising public awareness of the disease. To keep current rabies-free status in Japan, it is strongly recommended to maintain current quarantine system as well as to reinforce compliance of stakeholders involved in international dog movement. Sustainable surveillance system targeting wildlife is also indispensable.