著者

Kenzo Tanaka Koichiro Gibo Hiroko Watase Masaki Oohashi Carlos A. Camargo Kohei Hasegawa on behalf of the Japanese Emergency Medicine Network Investigators

出版者

日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会

雑誌

Journal of General and Family Medicine (ISSN:21896577)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.281-287, 2015-12-20 (Released:2015-12-25)

参考文献数

14

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Background: Little is known about the extent that acute asthma is inappropriately treated with antibiotics in Japanese emergency departments (EDs).Objectives: We examined the proportion and predictors of inappropriate antibiotic use for adults with acute asthma in the Japanese EDs.Methods: We conducted a chart review study in 23 Japanese EDs. Subjects were ED patients aged 18 to 54 years with acute asthma between 2009 and 2011. To examine predictors of inappropriate antibiotic use, we performed multi-level logistic regression analysis at both the patient- and ED-level modeling EDs as a random variable.Results: Among 1380 patients in the overall study, the analytic cohort comprised 1311 patients. Overall, antibiotics were inappropriately prescribed for 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4%–5.7%). In the multi-level logistic regression analysis, higher annual ED asthma visit volume was significantly associated with a lower proportion of inappropriate antibiotic use (odds ratio per 100-visit increase, 0.3 ; 95%CI, 0.2–0.6).Conclusions: In this large multicenter study in Japan, we found that approximately 4% of ED patients with acute asthma were inappropriately treated with antibiotics. We also demonstrated that the inappropriate use of antibiotics largely differed across the EDs and was less common in EDs with a more annual ED asthma visits. Organized knowledge translation initiatives are warranted to address this gap in emergency asthma care.

著者

Doaa SALMAN Eiji OOHASHI Adel Elsayed Ahmed MOHAMED Abd El-Raheem ABD EL-MOTTELIB Tadashi OKADA Makoto IGARASHI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.6, pp.855-862, 2014 (Released:2014-07-01)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

11 13

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The potential contamination of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum oocysts in the human environment is a concern from the public health viewpoint. However, estimation of their seroprevalences in humans cannot be performed in a manner that distinguishes between oocysts and tissue cysts as a source of infection. Rabbits are considered popular pet animals in Japan that can acquire natural infections by the aforementioned parasites only through the ingestion of oocysts. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalences of T. gondii and N. caninum in pet rabbits in Japan as an indicator of the possible oocyst contamination in the environment surrounding human beings. Serum samples of 337 rabbits were examined by different serological methods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to measure the titer of IgG and IgM antibodies. Samples revealed to be seropositive by ELISA were further analyzed by a latex agglutination test, Western blotting and an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The rates of seropositivity for T. gondii were 0.89% (3/337) and 0.29% (1/337) in IgG and IgM ELISA, respectively. SAG1 and SAG2 were detected as major antigens by the positive rabbit sera in Western blotting associated with strong staining observed by IFA in T. gondii tachyzoites. Regarding N. caninum, none of the serum samples showed a specific reaction in both Western blotting and the IFA. The results of this study indicate low seroprevalences of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in pet rabbits in Japan, suggesting low oocyst contamination in the human environment.

著者

Hiroki Oohashi Sadao Hiroya Takemi Mochida

出版者

ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

Acoustical Science and Technology (ISSN:13463969)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.6, pp.478-488, 2015 (Released:2015-11-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 4

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This paper presents a real-time robust formant tracking system for speech using a real-time phase equalization-based autoregressive exogenous model (PEAR) with electroglottography (EGG). Although linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis is a popular method for estimating formant frequencies, it is known that the estimation accuracy for speech with high fundamental frequency F0 would be degraded since the harmonic structure of the glottal source spectrum deviates more from the Gaussian noise assumption in LPC as its F0 increases. In contrast, PEAR, which employs phase equalization and LPC with an impulse train as the glottal source signals, estimates formant frequencies robustly even for speech with high F0. However, PEAR requires higher computational complexity than LPC. In this study, to reduce this computational complexity, a novel formulation of PEAR was derived, which enabled us to implement PEAR for a real-time robust formant tracking system. In addition, since PEAR requires timings of glottal closures, a stable detection method using EGG was devised. We developed the real-time system on a digital signal processor and showed that, for both the synthesized and natural vowels, the proposed method can estimate formant frequencies more robustly than LPC against a wider range of F0.

著者

大橋 絵理 Oohashi Eri

出版者

九州大学フランス語フランス文学研究会

雑誌

Stella (ISSN:09166599)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.79-90, 2009-12-18

著者

Doaa SALMAN Wilawan PUMIDONMING Eiji OOHASHI Makoto IGARASHI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-0713, (Released:2018-05-02)

被引用文献数

18

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The present study investigated the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and other intestinal parasites in cats in the Tokachi subprefecture in Japan. A total of 365 household cats were included in the study, and 353 serum and 351 fecal samples were collected and analyzed. T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in the sera of 16.14% of cats based on Latex agglutination test and ELISA. For ELISA, T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites lysate and T. gondii SAG2 recombinant protein were used as antigens. Low seropositivity was detected in cats younger than one year and older than 11 years; outdoor and hunter cats showed significantly high seropositivities. Neutering either in male or female cats, but not gender, had a considerable effect on seroprevalence. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were detected in one fecal sample. The overall parasitic infestation in cats was 12.5%. Other detected parasites included Toxocara species, which showed the highest prevalence of 7.7%, followed by Isospora spp. (2%), Taenia spp. (1.7%), and Ancylostoma spp. (0.9%). Spirometra spp. was detected in only one sample. Outdoor cats comprised 50% of all 44 parasite-infested cats. Although T. gondii oocysts were detected in only one sample, the relatively high seroprevalence of T. gondii indicated that it can pose significant risks to the environment. Our findings highlighted the potential of outdoor cats as a source of T. gondii and other parasites.

著者

Genya SHIMBO Michihito TAGAWA Eiji OOHASHI Masashi YANAGAWA Kazuro MIYAHARA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-0271, (Released:2017-08-17)

被引用文献数

3

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A 1-year-old neutered male Pekingese was presented for evaluation and further treatment of cluster seizures. The dog had behavioral abnormalities, and a prosencephalic lesion was suspected following neurological examination. The dog showed signs of learning difficulty. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a remarkably smooth cerebral cortex with a reduced number of gyri, as well as a cystic lesion associated with the quadrigeminal cistern. A diagnosis of lissencephaly, concurrent with a quadrigeminal cisternal cyst, was made. High-dose and multiple anticonvulsants were necessary to control the seizures. This is the first report of lissencephaly in a Pekingese.

著者

大橋 幸 Oohashi 東京大学大学院

雑誌

教育社会学研究 = The journal of educational sociology (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.56-67, 1953-11-01