著者

Tomoko Yuasa Takeo Horiguchi Osamu Takahashi

出版者

The Japanese Coral Reef Society

雑誌

Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies (ISSN:18830838)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.G2021_S5O, (Released:2021-11-19)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1

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The ultrastructure of a symbiotic dinoflagellate Zooxanthella nutricula within the radiolarian Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus collected off the northwestern coast of Okinawa Island, Japan was examined in the symbiotic state and the cultured motile stage. In hospite, Z. nutricula had a coccoid morphology, and the typical dinoflagellate structures, i.e., cingulum, sulcus, and flagella were lost. The coccoid non-motile cells were surrounded by a perialgal envelope of the host radiolarian cytoplasm, and they possessed a dinokaryon with condensed chromosomes and mitochondria with tubular cristae. The chloroplast was located at the periphery of the cell and had one or two pyrenoids. In culture, however, the motile cells exhibited a typical cell shape of peridinioid dinoflagellates. The cell covering consisted of a plasma membrane and amphiesmal vesicles containing the thecal plates whose arrangement was congruent to the order Peridiniales. The chloroplast was enclosed by three membranes and the pyrenoid was the double-stalked type. Pusules constructed by tubules with invaginations were present, but eyespot and trichocysts were lacked. Symbiotic dinoflagellates, such as Zooxanthella, Symbiodinium, and Amphidinium, have historically been referred to using the general term ‘zooxanthella(e)' because of their similar appearances as yellow-brown spherical minute cells under light microscopy. However, the motile cells of Z. nutricula exhibited a typical peridinioid morphology and thecal plate arrangement that obviously differed from those of the other Symbiodiniaceae genera and Amphidinium. Considering the ultrastructural features and the currently available sequence database, it was suggested that Z. nutricula is a symbiotic dinoflagellate that lives specifically in holoplanktonic protist radiolarians.

著者

Masashi Goto Takashi Kawamura Takuro Shimbo Osamu Takahashi Masahiko Ando Koichi Miyaki Takahiko Nohara Hidetsuna Watanabe Isamu Suzuki Mitsuru Aono for the Great Cold Investigators-II

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.15, pp.1179-1186, 2007 (Released:2007-08-02)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

5 10

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Objective: To investigate whether loxoprofen, one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, prolongs the recovery process of naturally acquired upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in the clinical setting. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 23 outpatient facilities in Japan. Patients aged 18 through 65 years suffering from URTIs were randomly assigned to receive loxoprofen or its placebo. The primary outcome was duration of illness in days. Results: A total of 174 patients were available for the analyses. Duration of illness was 8.94 ± 3.20 days in the loxoprofen group compared to 8.39 ± 3.39 days in the placebo group (P=.19). The number of days with limited daily activities was fewer in the loxoprofen group than in the placebo group (2.12 ± 2.05 days vs. 2.68 ± 2.54 days, P=.17). Although severe symptoms were less frequent on days 1, 2, and 3 in the loxoprofen group (27%, 33%, and 29%, respectively) than in the placebo group (32%, 39%, and 37%, respectively), symptoms were more frequent on days 6 through 12 in the loxoprofen group (difference, 5-13%). Adverse events were more common in the loxoprofen group (9.5% vs. 1.1%, P=.051). Conclusion: Loxoprofen did not significantly modify the recovery process of URTIs except for a slight tendency to delay.

著者

Takahiro Matsuo Osamu Takahashi Kazuyo Kitaoka Hiroko Arioka Daiki Kobayashi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.5872-20, (Released:2020-12-07)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

20

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Objectives We examined the prevalence of burnout among resident doctors and its relationship with specific stressors. Methods We conducted a nationwide, online, cross-sectional survey in Japan with 604 resident doctors in 2018-2019. Participants and Materials Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey to evaluate burnout and provided details of their individual factors and working environmental factors. Chi-square tests and t-tests were conducted for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. The association between burnout and resident-reported causes of stress, ways of coping with stress, number of times patient-safety incidents were likely to occur, and individuals who provide support when in trouble was analyzed using logistic regression analyses after controlling for confounding variables. Results A total of 28% met the burnout criteria, 12.2% were exhausted, 2.8% were depressed, and 56.9% were healthy. After adjusting for sex, postgraduate years, type of residency program, marital status, number of inpatients under residents' care, number of working hours, number of night shifts, number of days off, and resident-reported causes of stress-excessive paperwork (odds ratio [OR]: 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-3.80), excessive working hours (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.24-6.04), low autonomy (OR: 3.92, 95% CI: 2.01-7.65), communication problems at the workplace (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.05-4.76), complaints from patients (OR: 6.62, 95% CI: 1.21-36.1), peer competition (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.25-3.93), and anxiety about the future (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.28-3.56)-were independently associated with burnout. The burnout group had more reported patient-safety incidents that were likely to occur per year (>10) (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.01-6.95) and a lack of individuals who could provide support when in trouble (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01-3.34) than the non-burnout group. Conclusions This study described the prevalence of burnout among residents who responded to our survey. We detected an association between burnout and resident-reported causes of stress, patient-safety incidents, and a lack of individuals who provide support when in trouble. Further interventional studies targeting ways to reduce these concerns are warranted.

著者

Shinichi Takenoshita Kyoko Nomura Sachiko Ohde Gautam A. Deshpande Haruka Sakamoto Honami Yoshida Kevin Urayama Seiji Bito Yasushi Ishida Takuro Shimbo Kunihiko Matsui Tsuguya Fukui Osamu Takahashi

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.239, no.4, pp.325-331, 2016 (Released:2016-08-13)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 2

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The evidence suggests that mentoring is one of useful teaching methods in academic medicine but it is not clear for which outcome mentoring is effective. In this study, the authors investigated the number of original research articles that the participants had published in peer-reviewed English-language journals (as a first or a corresponding author) within one year prior to investigation and what characteristics of the participants who published at least one paper would be like compared to those who did not. In March 2015, the authors recruit early- and mid-career Japanese physicians (238 men and 240 women; mean age 40.6 years old) in a web survey. In total, 23.9% of physicians had published at least one original research article as a first author, 10.0% had published as a corresponding author, and 23.4% had a research mentor. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for variables selected at p < 0.15 in univariable models showed that even after adjusting for their motivation levels for clinical research, physicians with a research mentor [odds ratio (OR) 6.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.74-11.93], physicians who obtained DMSc, roughly equivalent to PhD in the West (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.26-3.72), and physicians who worked at teaching hospitals (OR 6.39; 95% CI, 2.54-16.04) were more likely to publish an original paper in a peer-reviewed journal. Having a research mentor or DMSc is associated with an experience of successfully publishing original papers in peer-reviewed journals for young and mid-career physician-researchers.

著者

Yasuhiro Yamada Osamu Takahashi Sachiko Ohde Gautam A Deshpande Tsuguya Fukui

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.15, pp.1521-1526, 2010 (Released:2010-08-02)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

11 21

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Objective Physicians' attire is one important factor to enhance the physician-patient relationship. However, there are few studies that examine patients' preferences for physicians' attire in Japan. We sought to assess patients' preference regarding doctors' attire and to assess the influence of doctors' attire on patients' confidence in their physician. Furthermore, we examined whether patients' preferences would change among various clinical situations. Methods Employing a cross-sectional design, Japanese outpatients chosen over one week in October 2008 from waiting rooms in various outpatient departments at St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, were given a 10-item questionnaire. A 5-point Likert scale was used to estimate patient preference for four types of attire in both male and female physicians, including semi-formal attire, white coat, surgical scrubs, and casual wear. In addition, a 4-point Likert Scale was used to measure the influence of doctors' attire on patient confidence. Patients Japanese outpatients consecutively chosen from waiting rooms at St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo for one week in October 2008. Results Of 2,272 outpatients enrolled, 1483 (67.1%) of respondents were women. Mean age of subjects was 53.8 years (SD 16.2 years). Respondents most preferred the white coat (mean rank: 4.18, SD: 0.75) and preferred casual attire the least (mean rank: 2.32, SD: 0.81). For female physicians, 1.4% of respondents ranked the white coat little/least preferred while 64.7% of respondents ranked casual wear little/least preferred. Among respondents who most preferred the white coat for physician attire, perceived hygiene (62.7%) and inspiring confidence (59.3%) were important factors for doctor's attire. Around 70% of all respondents reported that physicians' attire has an influence on their confidence in their physician. Conclusion This study confirms that Japanese outpatients prefer a white coat. Furthermore, this study strongly suggests that wearing a white coat could favorably influence patients' confidence in the relationship with their physician in all types of practice.

著者

Takahiro Matsuo Osamu Takahashi Kazuyo Kitaoka Hiroko Arioka Daiki Kobayashi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.9, pp.1369-1376, 2021-05-01 (Released:2021-05-01)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

20

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Objective We examined the prevalence of burnout among resident doctors and its relationship with specific stressors. Method We conducted a nationwide, online, cross-sectional survey in Japan with 604 resident doctors in 2018-2019. Materials Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey to evaluate burnout and provided details of their individual factors and working environmental factors. Chi-square tests and t-tests were conducted for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. The association between burnout and resident-reported causes of stress, ways of coping with stress, number of times patient-safety incidents were likely to occur, and individuals who provide support when in trouble was analyzed using logistic regression analyses after controlling for confounding variables. Results A total of 28% met the burnout criteria, 12.2% were exhausted, 2.8% were depressed, and 56.9% were healthy. After adjusting for sex, postgraduate years, type of residency program, marital status, number of inpatients under residents' care, number of working hours, number of night shifts, number of days off, and resident-reported causes of stress - excessive paperwork [odds ratio (OR): 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-3.80], excessive working hours (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.24-6.04), low autonomy (OR: 3.92, 95% CI: 2.01-7.65), communication problems at the workplace (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.05-4.76), complaints from patients (OR: 6.62, 95% CI: 1.21-36.1), peer competition (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.25-3.93), and anxiety about the future (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.28-3.56) - were independently associated with burnout. The burnout group had more reported patient-safety incidents that were likely to occur per year (>10) (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.01-6.95) and a lack of individuals who could provide support when in trouble (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01-3.34) than the non-burnout group. Conclusion This study described the prevalence of burnout among residents who responded to our survey. We detected an association between burnout and resident-reported causes of stress, patient-safety incidents, and a lack of individuals who provide support when in trouble. Further interventional studies targeting ways to reduce these concerns are warranted.