著者

Hironobu IWABUCHI Nurfiena Sagita PUTRI Masanori SAITO Yuka TOKORO Miho SEKIGUCHI Ping YANG Bryan A. BAUM

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96B, pp.27-42, 2018 (Released:2018-03-16)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

44

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An algorithm for retrieving the macroscopic, physical, and optical properties of clouds from thermal infrared measurements is applied to the Himawari-8 multiband observations. A sensitivity study demonstrates that the addition of the single CO2 band of Himawari-8 is effective for the estimation of cloud top height. For validation, retrieved cloud properties are compared systematically with collocated active remote sensing counterparts with small time lags. While retrievals agree reasonably for single-layer clouds, multilayer cloud systems with optically thin upper clouds overlying lower clouds are the major source of error in the present algorithm. Validation of cloud products is critical for identifying the characteristics, advantages, and limitation of each product and should be continued in the future.  As an application example, data are analyzed for eight days in the vicinity of the New Guinea to study the diurnal cycle of the cloud system. The present cloud property analysis investigates cloud evolution through separation of different cloud types and reveals typical features of diurnal cycles related to the topography. Over land, middle clouds increase from 0900 to 1200 local solar time (LST), deep convective clouds develop rapidly during 1200-1700 LST with a subsequent increase in cirrus and cirrostratus cloud amounts. Over the ocean near coastlines, a broad peak of convective cloud fraction is seen in the early morning. The present study demonstrates the utility of frequent observations by Himawari-8 for life cycle study of cloud systems, owing to the ability to capture their continuous temporal variations.

著者

Seita T. Watanabe Kazuhiko Hayashi Katsuro Arakawa Shizuka Fuse Hidetoshi Nagamasu Hiroshi Ikeda Atsushi Kuyama Piyakaset Suksathan Manop Poopath Rachun Pooma Yong-Ping Yang Minoru N. Tamura

出版者

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

雑誌

Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (ISSN:13467565)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.3, pp.179-204, 2021-10-31 (Released:2021-11-27)

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Based on molecular phylogenetic evidence, phylogenetic analyses of both cpDNA and nrDNA sequences based on 76 (cp) and 77 (nr) samples representing 64 species, two subspecies, and three (cp) and two (nr) varieties of Lilium and six (cp) and five (nr) samples from Cardiocrinum, Fritillaria, and Notholirion as outgroups were used to better understand relationships within Lilium and to revise its infrageneric classification. The same individuals were used for both cpDNA and nrDNA analyses to avoid confusion caused by genetic polymorphism within a species. Nine thousand eight hundred thirty seven bp from 10 cpDNA regions and 1069 bp from the nuclear (ITS + ETS) regions were analyzed. The same twelve clades were formed in Lilium in both the chloroplast and nuclear trees (one clade of the former tree and one clade of the latter tree were not strictly formed because of low resolution). In light of the cpDNA and nrDNA trees obtained, 13 morphological characters, including a pair of marginal ridges along a central groove on the adaxial surface of the tepals were examined with attention given for the first time to the use of this character as having diagnostic value. The morphological evidence supported the twelve clades. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, a revised infrageneric classification of Lilium recognizing twelve clades as twelve sections is proposed.

著者

Xiao-cong ZUO Ya-nan ZHOU Bi-kui ZHANG Guo-ping YANG Ze-neng CHENG Hong YUAN Dong-sheng OUYANG Shi-kun LIU Jeffrey S. BARRETT Pei-jiong LI Zhi LIU Hong-yi TAN Ren GUO Ling-yun ZHOU Yue-liang XIE Zuo-jun LI Jing LI Chun-jiang WANG Jiang-lin WANG

出版者

The Japanese Society for the Study of Xenobiotics

雑誌

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (ISSN:13474367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.5, pp.398-405, 2013 (Released:2013-10-25)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

18

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the CYP3A5*3 allele on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and amlodipine, and drug-drug interactions between them in healthy subjects. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions between tacrolimus and amlodipine were evaluated in a randomized, 3-period, 6-sequence crossover study in healthy Chinese volunteers according to CYP3A5 genotype. A single-dose and multiple-dose study were designed. A 96-h pharmacokinetic study followed either tacrolimus or amlodipine dose, and the washout periods between the study phases were 14 days. In the single-dose study, apparent oral clearance (CL/F) of tacrolimus (5 mg) in CYP3A5 expressers was 3.8-fold (p = 0.008) higher than that in CYP3A5 non-expressers. Amlodipine decreased mean tacrolimus CL/F in CYP3A5 expressers by 2.2-fold (p = 0.005), while it had no effect on that in CYP3A5 non-expressers. The CL/F of amlodipine in CYP3A5 non-expressers was 2.0-fold (p = 0.001) higher than that in CYP3A5 expressers. Tacrolimus increased mean amlodipine CL/F in CYP3A5 expressers by 1.4-fold (p = 0.016) while it had no effect on that in CYP3A5 non-expressers. Tacrolimus slightly reduced the AUC0–∞ of amlodipine in both CYP3A5 expressers and non-expressers. Dose adjustment of tacrolimus should be considered according to CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism when tacrolimus is coadministered with amlodipine.