著者

Sohei Yoshimura Masatoshi Koga Shoichiro Sato Kenichi Todo Hiroshi Yamagami Masaya Kumamoto Ryo Itabashi Tadashi Terasaki Kazumi Kimura Yoshiki Yagita Yoshiaki Shiokawa Kenji Kamiyama Satoshi Okuda Yasushi Okada Shunya Takizawa Yasuhiro Hasegawa Tomoaki Kameda Satoshi Shibuya Yoshinari Nagakane Yasuhiro Ito Hideki Matsuoka Kazuhiro Takamatsu Kazutoshi Nishiyama Kyohei Fujita Teppei Kamimura Daisuke Ando Toshihiro Ide Takeshi Yoshimoto Masayuki Shiozawa Soichiro Matsubara Yoshitaka Yamaguchi Naoto Kinoshita Takayuki Matsuki Junji Takasugi Keisuke Tokunaga Kyoko Higashida Kazunari Homma Kazuomi Kario Shoji Arihiro Kazunori Toyoda for the SAMURAI Study Investigators

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-18-0067, (Released:2018-06-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

34

---

Background:We determined the 2-year long-term risk-benefit profile in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) receiving warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) using a prospective, multicenter, observational registry in Japan.Methods and Results:NVAF patients within 7 days after onset of ischemic stroke/TIA were enrolled in 18 stroke centers. Outcome measures included ischemic and bleeding events and death in the 2-year follow-up period. We enrolled 1,116 patients taking either warfarin (650 patients) or DOACs (466 patients) at acute hospital discharge. DOAC users were younger and had lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, CHADS2and discharge modified Rankin Scale scores than warfarin users (P<0.0001 each). Incidences of stroke/systemic embolism (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.66–1.72), all ischemic events (1.13; 0.72–1.75), and ischemic stroke/TIA (1.58; 0.95–2.62) were similar between groups. Risks of intracranial hemorrhage (0.32; 0.09–0.97) and death (0.41; 0.26–0.63) were significantly lower for DOAC users. Infection was the leading cause of death, accounting for 40% of deaths among warfarin users.Conclusions:Stroke/TIA patients receiving DOACs for secondary prevention were younger and had lower stroke severity and risk indices than those receiving warfarin. Estimated cumulative incidences of stroke and systemic embolism within 2 years were similar between warfarin and DOACs users, but those of death and intracranial hemorrhage were significantly lower among DOAC users.

著者

Satoshi Shibuya Satoshi Unenaka Yukari Ohki

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.213-216, 2015-05-25 (Released:2015-05-28)

参考文献数

32

---

We perceive that our body belongs to us and is a coherent and unified entity. Therefore, body-ownership is fundamental to self-consciousness. To explore body-ownership in normal subjects, researchers have intensively used a bodily illusion known as the rubber hand illusion (RHI). This review article focuses on RHI studies. In a standard RHI paradigm, the sight of the participant’s hand is occluded, while a life-sized fake hand is visible. Synchronous stroking of the fake and real hands with paintbrushes elicits a subjective sensation that the fake hand is their own. The RHI is generally demonstrated using a self-report questionnaire as a subjective measurement, and proprioceptive drift (i.e., mislocalization of the real hand toward the fake hand) as an objective measurement. There are two constraints for inducing the RHI: visuo-tactile synchrony and consistency between multisensory inputs and body representations. The RHI can also be induced by visuo-motor correlations: viewing movements of the rubber hand that are synchronous with movements of the real hand. In this RHI variant, participants experience body-ownership as well as agency, which is a type of bodily self-consciousness that one is initiating and controlling his/her own actions. Neuroimaging studies suggest that the RHI is associated with a wide range of neural substrates, including fronto-parietal networks. In sum, accumulating evidence from the RHI suggests that body-ownership is very flexible, and the brain can incorporate a non-corporal object into a person’s own body.