著者

Shunsuke Nakamori Jun Takahashi Sumiko Hyuga Jinwei Yang Hiroaki Takemoto Takuro Maruyama Naohiro Oshima Nahoko Uchiyama Yoshiaki Amakura Masashi Hyuga Takashi Hakamatsuka Yukihiro Goda Hiroshi Odaguchi Toshihiko Hanawa Yoshinori Kobayashi

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.9, pp.1538-1544, 2019-09-01 (Released:2019-09-01)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

12

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The analgesic effect of Ephedra Herb (EH) is believed to be derived from the anti-inflammatory action of pseudoephedrine (Pse). We recently reported that ephedrine alkaloids–free EH extract (EFE) attenuates formalin-induced pain to the same level as that achieved by EH extract (EHE), which suggests that the analgesic effect of EH may not be due to ephedrine alkaloids (EAs). To examine the contribution of EAs to the analgesic effect of EH, mice were injected with formalin to induce a biphasic pain reaction (first phase, 0–5 min; second phase, 10–45 min) at various time points after oral administration of the following test drugs: ephedrine (Eph), Pse, “authentic” EHE from Tsumura & Co. (EHE-Ts), EFE, and EHE that was used as the source of EFE (EHE-To). Biphasic pain was suppressed at 30 min after administration of Eph, EHE-Ts, and EHE-To. At 6 h after administration of EFE, EHE-To, and Pse—and at 4 to 6 h after administration of EHE-Ts—only second-phase pain was suppressed; however, the effect of Pse at 6 h was not significant. These results suggested that EHE has a biphasic analgesic effect against biphasic formalin-induced pain: in the first phase of analgesia (30 min after administration), biphasic pain is suppressed by Eph; in the second phase of analgesia (4–6 h after administration), second-phase pain is alleviated by constituents other than EAs, although Pse may partially contribute to the relief of second-phase pain.