著者

Kenji Suzuki Yurika Hara Takuji Sugidachi Kensaku Shimizu Masatomo Fujiwara

出版者

公益社団法人 日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.261-268, 2023 (Released:2023-10-31)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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A new particle imaging radiosonde “Rainscope” has been developed, and for the first time, particle fall velocity measurement functionality was added to a balloon-borne device. Rainscope can capture a clear still image of precipitation particles in a cloud when they interrupt an infrared beam, using a CMOS camera equipped with an electronic shutter. It can also record the time when a particle passes the upper and lower built-in infrared sensors, enabling measurement of the velocity of falling precipitation particles. For ground testing in rain and snow, a ground-based Rainscope showed raindrop/snowflake size-fall velocity distributions similar to those obtained in previous studies. In a comparison with a Parsivel2 disdrometer in rain, the Rainscope results were in good agreement with the distributions obtained by an adjacent Parsivel2. In a test flight of Rainscope into a stratiform cloud, raindrops, mostly melted particles, snowflakes in the process of melting, graupel, and snowflakes were observed. It was observed that the fall velocity varied depending on the type of solid precipitation particles.

著者

Takuji Sugidachi Masatomo Fujiwara

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.179-182, 2013 (Released:2013-11-27)

参考文献数

15

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A new temperature-dependence correction (T-D correction) for Meisei RS2-91, RS-01G, and RS-06G radiosonde relative humidity (RH) measurements has been developed recently to remove the artificial stepwise change of ∼3% RH at 0°C associated with the present (original) correction. These radiosondes have been used at most of the Japanese upper-air stations since the 1990s. The historical radiosonde humidity records at Sapporo and Tateno stations on the 925, 700, and 500 hPa pressure levels show apparent large downward trends between 1999 and 2009. This is because the original T-D correction has only been applied since February 2003 after a moist bias was discovered. The new T-D correction is found to result in a much smaller downward RH trend at Sapporo and almost no trend at Tateno.

著者

Takuji SUGIDACHI Masatomo FUJIWARA

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.3, pp.323-336, 2013 (Released:2013-07-17)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 3

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Comparisons of relative humidity (RH) measurements between the Meisei RS-06G radiosonde and a chilled-mirror hygrometer revealed that the RS-06G radiosonde shows a stepwise change of ~3% RH at 0°C (drying when air temperature is decreasing). This is due to a discontinuous correction factor in the processing software that compensates for the temperature dependence of the RH sensor. Results from chamber experiments regarding the temperature and RH dependence of RS-06G RH sensors under steady-state conditions showed a wet bias exceeding 7% RH below ~+10°C. As this result contradicted previous in-flight intercomparisons that used the original manufacturer's correction, we investigated a possible additional dry bias caused by a thermal lag in the RH sensor. We speculated that the thermal lag of the RH sensor typically causes a dry bias during a tropospheric ascent, which largely compensates for the wet bias related to the temperature and RH dependence of the RH sensor. We observed that the experimental results of the temperature and RH dependence considering the thermal lag were in agreement with the extrapolation of the original manufacturer's correction. Consequently, we proposed to extrapolate the original manufacturer's correction, which is currently applied at temperatures between −40°C and 0°C, up to +14.5°C to resolve the artificial stepwise change at 0°C. Because the RS-06G radiosonde is a successor to the Meisei RS-01G and RS2-91 radiosondes, which have adopted the same RH sensor material installed since July 1999 and have used the same processing software, the current results should be applied to the data obtained by those radiosondes. The bias of RS-06G RH measurements using this new correction is estimated to be within 7% RH, which is within the manufacturer's specifications, being drier at +40°C and wetter between −40°C and +10°C.