著者

Rafael Alexandre Muchanga Toshiyuki Hirata Hajime Araki

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-020, (Released:2017-04-18)

被引用文献数

8

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In order to establish a low-input alternative production system based on cover crops, the effectiveness of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth; HV) incorporated as a basal nitrogen fertilizer and its effects on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content in fresh-market tomato production in plastic high tunnel was investigated in Sapporo (snow cover region), Japan. The treatments consisted of HV seeding rates (HV2, 2 kg/10 a; HV5, 5 kg/10 a) and ammonium sulfate (AS10, 10 kg N/10 a) applied as basal N fertilizers, and the Non HV (control) with no HV and ammonium sulfate. In all plots, 15 kg N/10 a were added before tomato transplanting as a controlled-release fertilizer (LPS100 41%−N) to maintain the tomato growth in the mid and late stages. HV aboveground biomass (dry weight) was 585 kg/10 a in HV2 and 719 kg/10 a in HV5. Nitrate in petiole sap was higher in HV2, HV5, and AS10 plots than in Non HV plots throughout the cultivation period with the exception of the first 2 weeks after transplanting (WAT). The Growth index (GI) was higher in HV2 (47971), HV5 (46285), and AS10 (43397) than in Non HV (39847) at 7 WAT, the beginning of the harvest. Higher marketable yields were found in tomatoes grown in HV2 (6.87 t/10 a), HV5 (6.91 t/10 a), and AS10 (6.08 t/10 a), compared with the Non HV (5.19 t/10 a). The HV plots had greater soil total and organic N than AS10 and Non HV, and slightly increased soil C after tomato production. From these results, the HV seeding rate of 2 kg/10 a will be enough to support the growth of tomatoes planted after HV production if HV grows steadily in a plastic high tunnel.

著者

Yuichi Sugihara Hideto Ueno Toshiyuki Hirata Masakazu Komatsuzaki Hajime Araki

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-073, (Released:2015-12-01)

被引用文献数

5

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Utilization of cover crops helps the establishment of environmentally friendly agriculture due to their nutrition supplying ability mainly in the current year of application, but cover crop-derived N also remains until the following year. In the present study, the nutritional effect of a cover crop on tomato production in a greenhouse in the following year was investigated using the 15N-labeling method. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa R., HV) was used as a cover crop. 15N-labeled HV (1319 mg N/pot) was applied to a 1/2000 a Wagner pot, and a fresh market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), ‘House Momotaro’ was cultivated in it at 0, 80, and 240 kg·ha−1 of N application in 2011 (N0HV, N80HV, and N240HV). After the tomato cultivation in 2011, the soil was stored in a greenhouse (the temperature varied from −4.1°C to 26.5°C) without any water or fertilizer. Tomatoes were cultivated again in the Wagner pots containing the soil used in 2011, to which was added the same rate of N fertilizer (0, 80, and 240 kg·ha−1 of N) and unlabeled HV (935 mg N/pot) in 2012. Total N uptake of tomato plants was higher in N240HV (2377 mg/plant), followed by N80HV (1760 mg/plant), N0HV (1498 mg/plant). On the other hand, the uptake of N derived from HV applied in 2011 (HV2011, 1319 mg N/pot) was not different among the treatments (57.7 mg/plant on average); thus, nitrogen use efficiency derived from HV2011 in 2012 was 4.4% on average. This value was much lower than that in 2011 (47.1% on average), but HV2011-N also remained in the soil after the tomato cultivation in 2012 (500 mg N/pot). The distribution ratios of HV2011-N to the fruit in 1st and 2nd fruit clusters that developed in the early growth period were higher than those of N derived from soil, fertilizer, and HV applied in 2012. These results showed that although the N supplying effect of HV was small, HV could be available not only as short-term N source, but also long-term N source, and HV-derived N applied in the previous year was absorbed by tomato plants during a relatively early growth period in the following year.

著者

Yuichi Sugihara Hideto Ueno Toshiyuki Hirata Hajime Araki

出版者

園芸学会

雑誌

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science (ISSN:18823351)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CH-061, (Released:2014-04-23)

被引用文献数

3

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In order to improve the use efficiency of a cover crop, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa R., HV), and supplemental chemical N fertilizer, N release and uptake patterns from HV, fast-release N fertilizer (Fast), and slow-release N fertilizer (Slow) in fresh market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production were investigated using the 15N-labeling method. In the incubation of soil-added N at two mix rates, 20% Fast + 80% Slow (FS) and 100% Slow (S), a large amount of inorganic N, mainly NH4+-N, was released by FS in 4 weeks. Tomato ‘House momotaro’ was grown in 1/2000 a Wagner pots incorporating such N fertilizer and 15N-labeled HV residue (30 g DW/pot, about 200 kg N·ha-1). Plant biomass in tomato grown with HV was larger than that grown without HV. HV-derived N (Ndfhv) was taken up by the tomatoes mainly until 4 weeks after transplant (WAT). The uptake amount of Ndfhv was the same in the pot with HV-FS and HV-S. The rate of N uptake derived from HV to total N uptake in tomato plants (%Ndfhv) was 43% in HV-S, higher than that in HV-FS (34%) in 4 WAT; however, such a difference disappeared after 4 WAT. N uptake by tomato plants continued until 12 WAT. Based on these results, HV acted as a fast-release fertilizer. There was competition in N uptake between chemical fertilizer N and HV-released N in the early stage of tomato cultivation. A large amount of chemical fertilizer tended to suppress the uptake of Ndfhv. N uptake by tomato plant continued until the late stage. These results can be applied to establish a suitable combination of HV and chemical fertilizer for tomato production.