著者

Rachel R. Huxley Yochiro Hirakawa Mohammad Akhtar Hussain Wichai Aekplakorn Xin Wang Sanne AE Peters Abdullah Mamun Mark Woodward

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-15-0661, (Released:2015-07-07)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

8 34

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, causing an estimated 18 million deaths annually. Much of the burden of CVD resides in lower- and middle-income countries, particularly those Asian countries comprising the Western Pacific Region. Epidemiological studies have convincingly shown that up to 90% of all CVD can be explained by a small number of modifiable risk factors, including blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, total cholesterol and excess body weight. However, the relationship between these risk factors and coronary artery disease and stroke often differ by age and sex, and yet these differences are often overlooked in burden of disease estimations. As such, that can result in either an over- or under-estimation of the disease burden in specific population subgroups, which may affect resource allocation of healthcare. In this review, we derive the most reliable and previously unpublished estimates of the age- and sex-specific burden of vascular disease attributable to the aforementioned risk factors for 10 of the most populous Asian countries in the Western Pacific Region. Understanding how the burden of vascular disease is distributed within and between populations is crucial for developing appropriate health policies and effective treatment strategies, particularly in resource-poor settings.

著者

王 鑫 Xin Wang

雑誌

災害復興研究 = Studies in disaster recovery and revitalization (ISSN:18837530)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.137-145, 2018-03-31

著者

Ju-mei Liu Zhi-hua Bao Wei-wei Cao Jing-jing Han Jun Zhao Zhen-zhong Kang Li-xin Wang Ji Zhao

出版者

Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.ME19098, 2020 (Released:2020-01-23)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

11

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The pmoA gene, encoding particulate methane monooxygenase in methanotrophs, and nirS and nirK genes, encoding bacterial nitrite reductases, were examined in the root and rhizosphere sediment of three common emergent macrophytes (Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, and Scirpus triqueter) and unvegetated sediment from eutrophic Wuliangsuhai Lake in China. Sequencing analyses indicated that 334 out of 351 cloned pmoA sequences were phylogenetically the most closely related to type I methanotrophs (Gammaproteobacteria), and Methylomonas denitrificans-like organisms accounted for 44.4% of the total community. In addition, 244 out of 250 cloned nirS gene sequences belonged to type I methanotrophs, and 31.2% of nirS genes were the most closely related to paddy rice soil clone SP-2-12 in Methylomonas of the total community. Three genera of type I methanotrophs, Methylomonas, Methylobacter, and Methylovulum, were common in both pmoA and nirS clone libraries in each sample. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that the copy numbers of the nirS and nirK genes were significantly higher in rhizosphere sediments than in unvegetated sediments in P. australis and T. angustifolia plants. In the same sample, the nirS gene copy number was significantly higher than that of nirK. Furthermore, type I methanotrophs were localized in the root tissues according to catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH). Thus, nirS-carrying type I methanotrophs were enriched in macrophyte root and rhizosphere sediment and are expected to play important roles in carbon/nitrogen cycles in a eutrophic wetland.

著者

Xin Wang Shinji Takaki Junichi Yamagishi

雑誌

研究報告音声言語情報処理(SLP) (ISSN:21888663)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017-SLP-115, no.2, pp.1-6, 2017-02-10

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Neural-network-based mixture density networks are important tools for acoustic modeling in statistical parametric speech synthesis. Recently we found that incorporating an autoregressive model in a recurrent mixture density network, which is referred to as AR-RMDN, enabled the network to generate quite smooth acoustic data trajectories without using the delta and delta-delta coefficients. More interestingly, the new model generated trajectories with a dynamic range similar to that of the natural data, thus alleviating over-smoothing effect. In this work, after explaining the AR-RMDN from the perspective of signal and filter, we compare one AR-RMDN with a modulation-spectrum-based post-filtering method that also eases the over-smoothing effect. It is demonstrated that the AR-RMDN also alters the modulation spectrum of the generated data trajectories but in a different way from the post-filtering method. The AR-RMDN also generates synthetic speech with better perceived quality. Based on the signal and filter interpretation, we further extend the AR-RMDN so that the inverse AR filter can acquire complex poles and stay stable.

著者

Tianliang Xu Shanqiang Yang Xin Wang Chenxu Wang Zhiquan Zhou Tian Rong

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE Electronics Express (ISSN:13492543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.16, pp.20230242, 2023-08-25 (Released:2023-08-25)

参考文献数

31

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With the continuous deepening of ocean exploration and the growth of emergency rescue needs, the hydroacoustic transducer, as an important component of sonar, has become more and more demanding. To improve the reception performance of the piezoelectric transducer, we developed a high-frequency, high-sensitivity planar piezoelectric transducer. A variant 1-3-2 type piezoelectric material is used to improve the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient, the upper surface of the material is covered with a brass plate to amplify the reception stress, and two variant 1-3-2 type piezoelectric materials with different dimensional parameters are arranged vertically to expand the bandwidth. We investigated the material properties and determined the material dimensions actually used to fabricate a planar hydroacoustic transducer utilizing electromechanical equivalent circuit analysis methods and finite element simulations. A prototype planar hydroacoustic transducer was fabricated and tested for resonant frequency, receiver sensitivity, bandwidth, and horizontal directivity then. The results show that the transducer’s resonant frequency is about 218.7kHz, the maximum receiving sensitivity is -178.7dB, the 3dB loss receiving bandwidth is about 45kHz, and the horizontal directivity is about 17°. The test results all indicate that the developed hydroacoustic transducer has great potential for application in marine exploration and underwater emergency rescue.

著者

Zhengsheng MAO Xin WANG Xin DI Yangdan LIU Yanan ZANG Dongke MA Youping LIU Xin DI

出版者

The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry

雑誌

Analytical Sciences (ISSN:09106340)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.10, pp.1099-1103, 2017-10-10 (Released:2017-10-10)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

3

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In this study, a rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of ambroxol in human plasma was developed and validated using palmatine as an internal standard (IS). Ambroxol and IS were extracted from 200 μL of human plasma via a simple protein precipitation preparation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Platisil C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using methanol–0.01% formic acid (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min under an isocratic condition. The MS acquisition m/z 379 → 264 for ambroxol and 352 → 336 for IS was performed by atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curve for ambroxol was linear over the concentration range of 2.500 – 180.0 ng/mL. The matrix effects of ambroxol ranged from 104.6 to 112.7%. This fully validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of ambroxol in humans after oral administration of ambroxol at a single dose of 75 mg.