著者

Yuki KOBAYASHI Nana INOUE Go SATO Takuya ITOU Hamilton P. SANTOS Cristina J. C. BRITO Albério A. B. GOMES Marli F. C. SANTOS Marlon V. SILVA Carla S. MOTA Fumio H. ITO Takeo SAKAI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.7, pp.691-696, 2007 (Released:2007-08-05)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

13 15

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The incidence of canine rabies has been widely reported in Brazil, and new rabies virus (RV) variants, genetically similar to canine RV, have recently been isolated from foxes. In order to derive the epidemiological characteristics of Brazilian Carnivora RV, Brazilian RVs isolated from dogs, cats, and foxes were genetically analyzed. Brazilian Carnivora RV isolates were divided into 2 main lineages. The predominant lineage was found in dogs and cats, which included the Argentinean and Bolivian Carnivora RV isolates, and was extensively distributed throughout Brazil and surrounding countries. The other lineage consisted of three sublineages containing Brazilian dog and fox RV isolates, with the dog sublineages located on an internal branch of 2 fox sublineages, suggesting that RV transmission events might have occurred between foxes and dogs in the past. These results suggest that contact between dogs and wildlife has the potential to generate new rabies variants and that it is important to control RV infection cycles in both dogs and wildlife to prevent spread of rabies infection.

著者

小林 祐樹 Yuki Kobayashi

出版者

電気通信大学

巻号頁・発行日

2016-03-25

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本論文では, モンテカルロ木探索を用いた囲碁プログラムのデータ構造を考え, 学習手法やヒューリスティックの有無がプログラムの強さにどのように影響するかを考察した.モンテカルロ木探索は木探索部とシミュレーション部に分けられ, さらにシミュレーション部は大きく2つに分けられる. 1つは盤全体の着手確率のテーブルを保持して, その中からランダムに着手を選ぶ非決定論的シミュレーションであり, もう1つは直前の着手に対応する良さそうな手があったら, 即座にその手を選ぶ決定論的シミュレーションである. 決定論的シミュレーションを行うオープンソースソフトウェアにPachi やFuego などがあるが, それらと同等の棋力を持つ非決定論的シミュレーションを行うオープンソースソフトウェアは存在しない.本研究では, 非決定論的シミュレーションを用いる囲碁プログラムを設計し, Pachi やFuego よりも強い囲碁プログラムの開発を目指した.プログラムに利用している学習手法の妥当性や, ヒューリスティックの有効性を示し, 13路盤と19路盤ではPachi とFuego よりも強いプログラムを開発できた.非決定論的シミュレーションを行うプログラムを作成し, オープンソースソフトウェアとすることで, 様々な手法の有効性を2つのシミュレーション手法の違いを含めて検証できるようになった.

著者

Shigeyuki Ohta Sayaka Sakaguchi Yuki Kobayashi Norikazu Mizuno Kenji Tago Hiroshi Itoh

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.594-600, 2015-04-01 (Released:2015-04-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 24

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GPR56 is a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and is highly expressed in parts of tumor cells. The involvement of GPR56 in tumorigenesis has been reported. We generated agonistic monoclonal antibodies against human GPR56 and analyzed the action and signaling pathway of GPR56. The antibodies inhibited cell migration through the Gq and Rho pathway in human glioma U87-MG cells. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that the interaction between the GPR56 extracellular domain and transmembrane domain was potentiated by agonistic antibodies. These results demonstrated that functional antibodies are invaluable tools for GPCR research and should open a new avenue for therapeutic treatment of tumors.

著者

Takeo SAKAI Ayako ISHII Takao SEGAWA Yukihiko TAKAGI Yuki KOBAYASHI Takuya ITOU

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0227, (Released:2014-12-27)

被引用文献数

1 15

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The Flinders Technology Associates filter paper cards (FTA® cards) can be used to store nucleic acid from various samples and are easily portable. However, RNA is physicochemically unstable compared with DNA, and appropriate methods have not been established for storage and extraction of RNA from FTA® cards. The present study investigated the optimum conditions for storage and elution of viral RNA (vRNA) using rabies virus (RABV) applied to FTA® cards. When TE buffer was used, the elution rates of vRNA increased with the length of the elution time. When the cards were stored at −80°C or −20°C, vRNA was stable over 3 months. Degradation of vRNAs occurred following storage at 4°C and room temperature, suggesting that RNA should be extracted from cards as soon as possible if no freezer is available. When we tried to amplify vRNA from RABV-infected animal brains applied to FTA® cards and stored at −80°C for 6 months, we did not detect any amplified products with the primer set for 964 bp of RABV N gene. However, we were able to detect amplified products by increasing the elution time of vRNA from FTA® cards from 30 min to 24 hr or by changing the primer sets to amplify 290 bp of N gene. Thus, we recommend extending the elution time for damaged or low concentration samples in FTA® cards.

著者

Yoshiyuki Suzuki Yuki Kobayashi Masayuki Horie Keizo Tomonaga

出版者

日本遺伝学会

雑誌

Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.3, pp.143-148, 2014-06-01 (Released:2014-12-04)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1 12

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Endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein (EBLN) elements are nucleotide sequences homologous to the bornavirus N gene that have been identified in animal genomes. EBLN elements are considered to have been generated through reverse transcription of bornavirus N mRNA, mainly with the aid of long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1). The genome of thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) contains an EBLN element, itEBLN, which is thought to have been integrated less than 8.5 million years ago (MYA). However, it was also reported that the LINE-1 activity on this lineage was lost 4-5 MYA. Here, molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted to gain insights into the integration time of itEBLN. In a phylogenetic analysis of bornavirus N and itEBLN, using an EBLN element from cape golden moles (Chrysochloris asiatica) (caEBLN) as the outgroup, the integration time of itEBLN appeared to be close to the time of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for bornavirus N. From an analysis of genomic sequences for bornavirus strains isolated at different time points, the time of the MRCA for bornavirus N was estimated to be < 0.3 MYA. These results suggest that the integration time of itEBLN was much later than the loss of LINE-1 activity, supporting the non-LINE-1-mediated integration of itEBLN.