- 著者
- Kanchi Ito Yuki Osawa Kenta Kaneko Yutaka Kikuchi Masato Odagaki
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人日本生体医工学会
- 雑誌
- Advanced Biomedical Engineering (ISSN:21875219)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.6, pp.42-47, 2017 (Released:2017-04-03)
- 参考文献数
- 10
Two different experiments utilizing the motor imagery of finger movement were conducted. We attempted to reveal the difference in corticospinal excitability between tonic contraction (TC) and rhythmic movement (RM) by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The magnetic coil was placed over the subject’s primary motor cortex to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) by TMS. We have previously shown that the MEP amplitude is modulated by the frequency of active and passive finger movements. We hypothesized that visual feedback affects the corticospinal excitability. In the present study, the subject observed both TCs and RMs, and the MEP amplitudes elicited by TMS during both tasks were analyzed to assess changes in corticospinal excitability influenced by the motor imagery. A mirror box was used to show the subject the finger movement executed by a third person as if it were his own finger movement. For the TC task, the third person performed a pinching task consisting of TC of the index finger and thumb. The subject received visual feedback of the TC in the mirror. For the RM task, the subject observed the mirror while the third person performed RM of the index finger until TMS was applied. The frequencies of finger movement were 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Hz. The resulting MEP amplitudes for the RM task at movement frequencies of 2, 3, and 4 Hz were significantly lower than that for the TC task. These results indicate that corticospinal excitability is increased by visual feedback of TC but is modulated by that of RM.
- 著者
- Yongtae KO Naoto TSUJII Yuichi TAKASE Akira EJIRI Osamu WATANABE Hibiki YAMAZAKI Kotaro IWASAKI Peng YI James H.P. RICE Yuki OSAWA Takuma WAKATSUKI Maiko YOSHIDA Hajime URANO
- 出版者
- The Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research
- 雑誌
- Plasma and Fusion Research (ISSN:18806821)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.16, pp.1402056, 2021-04-21 (Released:2021-05-12)
- 参考文献数
- 20
- 被引用文献数
- 5
We investigated electron cyclotron (EC) wave assisted low voltage Ohmic start-up in the conventional field null configuration (FNC) and the trapped-particle configuration (TPC) in the TST-2 spherical tokamak device. The upper pressure limit for successful burn-through increased when EC power was applied for both the FNC and TPC. On the other hand, at low prefill pressure, breakdown was delayed in the FNC start-up. The achievable plasma current also decreased especially at high EC power. By applying the TPC, fast breakdown was recovered even at high EC power. The plasma current ramp-up rate was also greater with TPC compared with FNC at the same loop voltage waveform. The lower prefill pressure limit for successful breakdown expanded in the TPC compared to that in the FNC. The higher vertical field decay index resulted in faster EC breakdown. The reduction of the upper pressure limit due to impurities was the same in the FNC and TPC indicating that the poloidal field configuration did not significantly affect the upper pressure limit for successful burn-through.
- 著者
- James H.P. RICE Naoto TSUJII Yuichi TAKASE Akira EJIRI Osamu WATANABE Hibiki YAMAZAKI Yi PENG Kotaro IWASAKI Yuki AOI Yongtae KO Kyohei MATSUZAKI Yuki OSAWA
- 出版者
- The Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research
- 雑誌
- Plasma and Fusion Research (ISSN:18806821)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.15, pp.2402009, 2020-04-06 (Released:2020-05-08)
- 参考文献数
- 13
- 被引用文献数
- 4
A new Langmuir probe has been designed and installed in TST-2 for measurements of Scrape-Off Layer plasmas (SOL). Non-inductive current drive is considered essential for spherical tokamak reactors. It has previously been shown that a large amount of injected Lower Hybrid Wave (LHW) power is lost in the SOL [1]. A full density profile of SOL conditions is necessary to accurately simulate the propagation of LHW in TST-2. A new probe was designed for durability, larger signal and Mach probe measurements. The new probe has been installed in TST-2 and results have been obtained. Temperature measurements show Te = 30 - 50 eV during RF injection and <10 eV otherwise. Density measurements show ne = 2.0 × 1015 m−3 and 1.5 × 1016 m−3 during flat-top RF power injection from Outboard- and Top-launch antennas, respectively. This is above the cut-off density for the 200 MHz LHW (5 × 1014 m−3) in TST-2, thus LHW can propagate through SOL plasma.
- 著者
- Naoto TSUJII Yusuke YOSHIDA Yuichi TAKASE Akira EJIRI Osamu WATANABE Hibiki YAMAZAKI Yi PENG Kotaro IWASAKI Yuki AOI Yongtae KO Kyohei MATSUZAKI James H.P. RICE Yuki OSAWA
- 出版者
- The Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research
- 雑誌
- Plasma and Fusion Research (ISSN:18806821)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.15, pp.2402010, 2020-04-06 (Released:2020-05-08)
- 参考文献数
- 13
- 被引用文献数
- 2 4
Removal of the central solenoid is considered essential to realize a spherical tokamak fusion reactor, but non-inductive plasma start-up is a challenge. Start-up using lower-hybrid (LH) waves has been studied on the TST-2 spherical tokamak at the University of Tokyo. The equilibrium poloidal field is believed to be generated mostly by the wave driven fast electrons, which are highly non-thermal and have large orbit excursions from the flux surfaces due to low plasma current. Such an equilibrium can be qualitatively different from the Grad-Shafranov equilibrium routinely used for internal magnetic field reconstruction in a tokamak. In this work, the effect of fast electrons on the MHD equilibrium was investigated by considering the equilibrium solution of the hybrid-MHD model [Y. Todo and A. Bierwage, Plasma Fusion Res. 9, 3403068]. The fast electron distribution function was estimated using a LH current drive simulation based on ray-tracing and an orbit-averaged Fokker-Planck solver. The equilibrium solution of the hybrid-MHD model was successfully fitted to the magnetic and kinetic measurements. The resulting poloidal flux function was more skewed towards the outboard side when fast electrons were introduced, which was more consistent with the density profile measured by the Thomson scattering diagnostic.