著者

林 未央

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.105-114, 2006-03-10

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In the age of recurrent learning, many adult learners may demand a set of knowledge and skill that does not have to satisfy the requirements for such grand academic degrees as Bachelor's or Masters. Instead, such a set can be organized as a module (non- or sub-degree program) that would lead to a kind of certificate. While the Japanese society is now envisaging the rise of such needs, the United States has a long history in such development. From that perspective, this paper examines how those programs developed the United States. The findings are as follows : (1)non-degree programs in the traditional vocational training expanded in the 1970s, but the enrollment remained stable in the 1980s ; (2) a group of non-traditional programs, catering to new professional and academic fields, started expanding in the 1980s, and. (3) this new group has been expanding till now by adding new fields. The findings indicate that the latent demands for non-degree programs will likely to increase in Japan, and in order to respond to those demands, Japan will need institutional changes including a system of certificates corresponding to such programs.