著者

長島時子

出版者

恵泉女学園大学

雑誌

研究紀要 : 恵泉女学園短期大学園芸生活学科 = Research Bulletin : Published by Dept. Horticulture, Keisen Junior College (ISSN:09178333)

巻号頁・発行日

no.32, pp.1-17, 2001-03

被引用文献数

1

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Materisls used for this experiment were two Nelumbo nucifera fruits, preserved for 800 years, which had been layered in the coffin of a mummified head of the Foruth Fujiwara reign. The plants were observed from seeding to flowering. Also observed were the morphology of the fruit, flower, leaf, and pollen grain of the lotus. The causes of longevity in lotus fruit and Tyuusonji-lotus fruit were investigated. 1. Development from seeding to flowring. a. On the seeding of the two lotus fruits were used, one weighing 720 milligrams, and the other weighing 860 milligrams. The seeding was started on May 20,1993. They were cut at the base of the fruit, and then water was poured into the glass. Germination of the fruit weighing 860 milligrams started four days after beginning the seeding ; but the fruit weighing 720 milligrams withered and died. The first leaf emerged six days after seeding, and small roots appeared. 21 days after seeding, the first and second leaves had opened, and the third and fourth leaves had emerged. When the first through the fifth leaves were opened, the lotus plantlet was transplanted, using upland soil in a small round pot, 96 days after seeding, the lotus plantlet was transplanted, using a mixture of a little Maguanp K fertilizer in upland soil. It was cultured a round pot placed in a field. After that, seven leaves opened, but it had no standing leaf. b. The first year seeding, 1994,the plant formed three rhizomes, which were transplanted into a round pot and rectangular plastic contianer : The upland soil was fertilized with a mix of 100 grams of Maguanp K 500 grams of manure per square meter. The lotus plants grew and developed well, but did not exhibit flowering. c. The second year after seeding, 1995,the plant formed eight rhizomes. These rhizomes were transplanted into three rectangular plastic containers, with the upland soil fertilized with a mix of 100 grams Maguanp K, 100 grams of compound fertilizer, and a little bone manure per sequare meter. The lotus plants grew and development well, but did not flowering. d. The third years after seeding, 1996,the plant formed twelve rhizomes. The fertilizer used in this year the same as that used in the previus years. The containers used were round pots and rectangular plastic containers. The lotus plants grew and developed well, but did not flowering. e. The fouth years after seeding, 1997,the plant formed sixteen rhizomes. The culture contianer, fertilizer, and culture methods of this year were the same as those used in the previous year. The lotus plants did not exhibit flowering this year either. One reason for this was that the culture containers placed in the field received in-sufficient hours of sunshine. f. The fifth years after seeding, 1998,the plant formed twenty rhizomes. The culture contianer, and fertilizer and culture methods were the same as in the previous year. The lotus plant had its first flowering during this year. The first flower bloomed on July 29,1998. The flower was 23 centimeters in diameter, and was a beautiful bright pink. Five days later, blooming finished, early in the morning of August 2nd. The flower resembled a ""Waren"" the Japanese wild lotus of midium sized, with bright pink and slender petals. 2. The morphology of lotus included the formation of a stylar end, the protuberance, a cap-shaped portion, and the fruit body and dent portion. In its longitudinal section were found the formation stylar end, pericarp, seed coat, cotyledon, plumula, cavity and dent portion. The pericarp was very hard in sclerenchymatous cells of the palisade layer, and under it was a sclerenchymatous layer in a dense arrangement. There was a hyaline zone near the center of the palisade layer, and under the stoma was a stomatal canal. The hardness of the pericarp in the lotus fruit was a development of mechanical tissue for the palisade layer and sclerenchymatous cell. 3. The lotus flower was a formation of calyx, receptacle, petal, stamen, and pistil.

著者

藤田 智

出版者

恵泉女学園大学

雑誌

研究紀要 (ISSN:09178333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.35-43, 2000-03

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In recent yaears, the importance of environmental education has grown; and ways to embody this have become an issue. In the present investigation, we examined vegetable growing as a potential material for environmental education, especially by utilization of low-input sustainable horticulture (LISH) and vegetable gardening, as a means to teach cultivation at our institution. Since 1984,as the result of putting in practice LISH at Keisen women's College farm for 15 years, it was found that 16 different vegetable varieties could be grown organically. The varieties found virtually impossible to grow organically were cucumbers and other kinds of fruit/vegetables, Cruciferae and the like. However, damage could be reduced through net cultivation (Brassica campestris), cold-period tunnel cultivation (Japanese radish : daikon); sprinkling culture (egg plant) and so on. From the results of investigation of vegetable characteristics for flowerbed materials, the classification of new types of vegetables was attempted in terms of grass length, leaf color, leaf shape, flower color, fruit seed and climbing characteristics. Moreover, from this one-year trial of vegetable garden design and testing, the garden could be kept beautiful-looking even in the cold season when flowering plants appear less than attractive. At the same time, it was shown to be a suitable hands-on learning experience in terms of the environment and food. In light of the foregoing results, LISH and the vegetable garden were considered to be sufficient for use as environmental education materials at our institution.

著者

杉山 信太郎 SINTH Sarobol TAWAN Hangsoongnern

出版者

恵泉女学園大学

雑誌

研究紀要 (ISSN:09178333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.13-18, 2005-03

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フィリピンやタイでの作物や果樹の混植栽培で,病虫害が予想以上に抑制される現象に着目し,タイ国チェンマイ市郊外の堀割りや木立ちに囲まれた水田跡地に,各小面積に植えた野菜数種類を混作する栽培を年間3作,2年間継続して,病虫害をこみにした被害率が89%から2年後に6%に低下する事実を認めた.被害率が最初の20%まで低下した期間は1.5年(18カ月)で,これが東京付近で経験的に自他ともに認められる病虫害が減少する3年間の1/2であること,また年間平均気温がチェンマイで26℃,東京で16℃で温度差の10℃から,Q_<10>=2の温度反応式を満たすことを認め,有機農業の継続栽培による病虫害の減少が,地上・地下の多様な生物の集団の抑制作用によることを推定した.また,混作の継続により虫害が病害より早く減少し,雨期に乾期より病虫害が低下することを観察した.さらに生物多様性の進化の理論から,有機農業における生物多様性による病虫害抑制作用は養・水分が補給される限り,時間的に進行することを理解した.

著者

西村 悟郎

出版者

恵泉女学園大学

雑誌

研究紀要 (ISSN:09178333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.39-60, 2001-03

著者

山崎 正氣

出版者

恵泉女学園大学

雑誌

研究紀要 (ISSN:09178333)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.23-36, 2003-03-20

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バングラデシュは,総面積144万km^2の国土(日本の0.4倍)に1億4千万の人口をかかえ,その80%は農村部に居住している.1971年のパキスタンからの独立以降,政情の不安,行政制度の未整備,天然資源の不足,輸出力の低さ,農村の貧困,さらに,度重なる自然災害等の諸問題を抱える中で,食糧自給の達成は,国の最優先課題として取り組まれてきた.就業機会の65%を創出する農業は,稲作を中心に,畑作,園芸,畜産,水産,林業等が密接に絡み合った営農形態をもち,農家の70%は10ha(2.5acre)以下の小規模農家層や土地無し農民で,その割合は増加の傾向にある.しかし国土のほとんどが平坦で,耕地率は66%と極めて高く,農地の拡大は不可能で,貧農層にとっては内延的な充実による営農改善の余地しか残されていないと言える.近年における農業部門の特徴は,これまでの穀物生産優先政策から,各地に適した作目・畜目の多様化と選択的拡大を図ろうとするもので,特に,近年の灌漑事業の進展や改良品種の導入・普及に伴い,作目の多様化を促進してきた栽培システム研究(Cropping Systems Research)の経験を基礎に,園芸,畜産,水産,林産部門を加え,農家の土地・労働・資本の総合的な活用を図ろうとする営農システム研究(Farming Systems Research)への展開は,小農経営の改善にとってその成果が期待されよう.バングラデシュの栄養水準は,他のアジアの国々に比べても低く,特にタンパク質と脂肪の摂取量は最低の水準にあると言われている.FAOの試算では,一日の平均必要熱量を2,120Kcal,蛋白質を61.5gとしているが,カロリーでは人口の44%,蛋白質では78%が水準以下の栄養不良の状態にあると見られ,都市部の30〜40%と農村部の30%の人口が絶対的貧困レベルに置かれていると言われている.農村生活の改善は,栄養改善,衛生改善,家族計画,教育の向上,地域住民の互助組織等が総合的に結びついて効果が発揮されてくるものであるが,まずは,食糧生産の増加によって,食生活における栄養水準が少しずつでも向上する様な段階を維持してゆく事が最優先の課題となっている.本稿においては,近年の農業生産多様化の下で,栄養収量が高く,栽培技術体系の定着が注目されている大豆生産の振興事業に焦点を当て,その沿革や,研究・普及組織,生産と消費の動向,そして,国際協力等の展開について考察する.