著者

金 吉男 小林 清治

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.9-24, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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Two anti-incineration movements that happened in the Peoples’ Republic of China have two different characteristics. The K city conflict is aggressive, and the G city movement is peaceful. Nonetheless, both in the two movements, recognitional justice, procedural justice, and distributional justice were broken. One dimension break leads to another and finally forms a chain of environmental injustice. Few of the former studies analyze environmental injustice from structural injustice theory, and this paper attempts to clarify the causes of environmental injustice in China from this perspective. This paper argues that the current waste policy of local governments in China is a choice made based on several objective constraints, such as the actual status of waste disposal and the policy from the central government. Incineration priority policy and incineration for 100% disposal policy have made local government consider a benefit-oriented position, building large-scale incineration complex. This position enhances local government reproducing the unfair structure between the beneficial sphere and costly sphere and finally causes an unintended chain of environmental injustice.

著者

張 曼青 胡 毓瑜 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.25-43, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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With the rapid urbanization and mobility of farmers in China, some farmers are beginning to migrate to the cities. In addition, there is a phenomenon of so-called “outlawed” agriculture, where despite moving to the cities, they continue to cultivate public spaces such as lawns, green belts on roads, and vacant lots to grow vegetables for their own use. This study focused on the phenomenon of the “outlawed” agriculture in public spaces of in the center of the country. It was confirmed that even if some Chinese farmers left the land or their hometown, they would not leave the agriculture. This study clarified that they made an effort to continue cultivating vegetables with a traditional farming method, like actively maintaining the use of fertilizers of their acquaintances by utilizing their previous experience even if they move their living space to the city due to extrinsic factors. Farmers continue with agriculture because they reconstruct “agricultural connection” and reconfirm one's identity through the “outlawed” agriculture. This phenomenon is more likely to occur in county towns, because county towns are very close to rural area physically and psychologically.

著者

冷 昕媛 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.45-60, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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In the 1990s, the NGOs first generated in China society, especially the younger generation who was born after the Chinese economic reform (1978) also has participated in the NGOs recently. The preceding studies focus on the development of NGOs with the young generation in China with the civic society perspective, show the glittering figure of their autonomy. On the opposite, the author found the reality which is a little different from the prior studies. The results show that the participation of new environmental NGOs led by the younger generation is working to involve many citizens dealing with public issues as a place where they could utilize abilities and realized themselves. On the other hand, NGOs in previous generation of civil society, which have traditional government-dependent ideas and worship principles, are an important support when confronting governments and companies. Yet environmental NGOs which led by the young generation are difficult to reach social agreements and is not understood by society. It is placed on a lonely boundary that does not respond easily.

著者

許 俊卿 胡 毓瑜 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.61-79, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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This study investigated information gathering behavior and risk perception of PM2.5 issues in China through a questionnaire survey, and aimed to discuss the relationship between them. As a result, it was found that citizens access more to damage, measures, and current status of PM2.5 issues. Regarding the relationship between information gathering behavior and risk perception, the existence of indirect effects via subjective knowledge was verified in addition to direct effects. This study also found that trust in information sources suppressed the direct effects, and evaluation of communication effects promoted the forepart of indirect effects while suppressing the latter half part. Comparing information gathering behavior with the results of the analysis regarding media coverage, there showed a discrepancy, which is the result of individual choices of information. And this study revealed citizens’ autonomy in the structure of risk perception because of above-mentioned indirect effects and moderating effects of trust in information sources and evaluation of communication effects.

著者

胡 毓瑜 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.81-96, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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In China, facing various serious environmental problems, various entities headed by the government have formulated and implemented various environmental countermeasures. These environmental countermeasures have played an important role in responding to environmental problems, but many new problems have also arisen with the implementation of these countermeasures. We call these problems post-environmental problems. This paper takes the introduction of comprehensive biogas utilization systems in various pig farms in Z City as an example to discuss the post-environmental problems that are occurring in China. The comprehensive biogas utilization system of the pig farms effectively solved the problem of manure treatment, but there is the problem of waste of human resources, and there is also the risk of other environmental problems due to high altitude discharge of biogas. Through an abstract analysis of the entire process of implementing environmental countermeasures to deal with environmental problems, we believe that post-environmental problems are universal, and these problems are not easy to be discovered. More importantly, we cannot ignore these post-environmental issues because of the “rationality” of environmental countermeasures.

著者

王 石諾 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.97-112, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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In the late 1980s, the problem of “marriage difficulties for men” in Japan society became more and more serious. In order to solve this problem, Japan society was actively introducing “Asian brides”, from the government to the private sector. As a result, the Japanese-husband-and-foreign-wife type of intermarriages increased. But behind this positive introduction, the lives of “Asian brides” and their perspectives are often overlooked in discussions of various social issues. Despite the increasingly three-dimensional image of women in the studies of intermarriages, the discussion of the image of women in social issues - such as the Great East Japan Earthquake - only stays on the superficial side of being “vulnerable people to disaster”. In the previous studies, the emphasis were on finding the mechanism of intermarriage rather than the continuity of individual’s life. Even when the subjectivity of those women became the focus, the discussion was only held within the framework of the family. Therefore, the research questions are: is it possible that subjectivity will be exerted within a broader framework such as their living community? And if the answer is positive, how the subjectivity is reflected and how it is formed? Having this problem in mind, this paper provided with a microscopic perspective of “individual’s life”, at the intersection of the discussion of intermarriage and the Great East Japan Earthquake. Specifically, based on the life story of 2 women, who were born in the northeastern region of China and moved to Fukushima prefecture after marrying to Japanese men, this paper aimed to approach the women’s subjectivity mainly from their experience of the earthquake. As a result, by analyzing the behaviors of the two women after the disaster, the study found that women’s subjectivity was not only confined in the framework of the family, but also manifested in their living community. Furthermore, based on the women’s life story, the author analyzed the accumulation process of their subjectivity under the framework of “agency”. “Agency” shows a living strategy, different from straightforward imaginations that the women are either subject to the limitation or resist the structure, they take on the existing relationship and at the same time work towards desirable ways of life by readjusting step by step. Finally, the author argued that, although those women have surpassed the level of “vulnerable people to disaster”, the vulnerability of belonging is worthy of further discussion as a future topic.

著者

吉成 哲平 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.113-133, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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Shomei Tomatsu is a well-known photographer who captured the social changes of post-war Japan for more than half a century. In particular, since he was shocked at the wounds of atomic bomb victims of Nagasaki in the early 1960s, he had kept on saving the details of the lives and deaths of the survivors over several decades, using “group-photographs (gun-shashin) ”, which was his original photographic method. In his later years, he moved to Nagasaki and developed his perspective based on the long history of the place, roaming the streets day after day. It is through this shooting procedure that he always had a vivid sense of reality. In the previous study, the authors clarified that he gradually observed individuals in their everyday lives, who lived with the memories of the unforgettable atomic bomb by applying a new methodology, which we devised to grasp the photographer’s spiraling thoughts and emotions reflected in his practical actions. By contrast, previous research has emphasized that he photographed the horrors of atomic bombs. Especially, it is significant to note that the hardships of the survivors were identified with the persecution of Christians in the pre-modern period. The trouble is, however, that this perspective trivialized the long and convoluted history of Nagasaki since opening the port in the late 16th century, which he gradually perceived as fascinating living in the town. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the layered history of Nagasaki he tried to express in his life by analyzing the “group-photographs ” and other materials. Generally speaking, the historical connections between Nagasaki and other countries were represented by Dejima Dutch Trading Post and Tojin-Yashiki in the Edo period. However, before the Tokugawa shogunate started to dominate the foreign relations, the islands of Japan were melting pots of many ethnic groups coming from beyond the sea. Most importantly, Nagasaki also preserved the strong ties with other Asian countries rather than European ones. Considered in this light, his earlier works, significantly enough, focused on the influence of China as well as the history of suppression of Christians, although it was just expressed by a few photographs of historical artifacts. On the other hand, since the beginning of his new life in Nagasaki, he had captured the individuals who had inherited their ways of lives, including the traditional festivals and the commemorations of their ancestors, both of which traced back to the Edo period. Furthermore, in the late 2000s, just before the end of his life in Okinawa, he casted a gentle eye toward the lives of the street where numerous people from a diverse range of backgrounds had walked down for centuries. It is noteworthy that he realized the historical ties among Nagasaki, Okinawa and Fujian surrounding the East China Sea, based on his own past experience that he journeyed from Okinawa to the Southeast Asia. From this, it follows that the intricate history of Nagasaki was deeply connected with the hardships of Ryukyuan people which he witnessed in Okinawa around the early 1970s.

著者

持田 洋平

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.33-61, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

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A distinctive feature of Singapore Chinese society from the 19th century to the first half of the 1900s was its division into five major Bang groups (social and economic communities based on their dialects and birthplaces) and loose segregation. The Chinese locals lived their social and economic lives according to the structure of the Bang groups to which they belonged, and most of them communicated only in their local dialects. The literature on the history of Singapore Chinese society has emphasized that the foundation of the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce (SCCC) in 1906 significantly changed these social circumstances. The main function of the SCCC was to control the commercial and economic activities of Chinese locals; additionally, it had a social function, that is, to get several Bang groups to harmonize and cooperate and thus to gain leadership over the entire Singapore Chinese society. Several studies pointed out that the foundation of the SCCC, because of the establishment of the social function of this organization, created the new social structure of Singapore Chinese society that the SCCC can bridge the division between Bang groups and mobilize them for several social activities of the SCCC. The research questions are: How was the social function of SCCC constructed during its establishment in 1906, and what was the social and historical background to this? What were the differences and commonalities in the social circumstances of Singapore Chinese society between, before and after the foundation of the SCCC in 1906? To answer these questions, it is necessary to distinguish the main functions of the SCCC from its social function, and to only focus on the latter and analyze it in detail from the perspective of the social transformation of Singapore Chinese society during this period. This paper discusses the process of establishment of the SCCC and its social activities in its early years as an attempt to bridge the division between Bang groups. These discussions reveal the social and historical background that allowed the SCCC to perform social functions to gain leadership over the entire Singapore Chinese society. This sheds light on the process of the social transformation of the Singapore Chinese society and the importance of the SCCC in the latter half of the 1900s.

著者

山内 瑞貴

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.63-86, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

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Abstract While Britain, Imperial Russia, and China (Qing) contended for supremacy around Tibet, the Indian tea producers and the Indian government planned to expand its sales route by increasing its production in the 1880s. However, the plan failed in Tibet even though the Tibetans already had the habit of drinking tea. This paper examines the reason why India's tea trade with Tibet at the end of the 19th century failed based on the notes written by Westerners and the like. The results show that the failure was caused not only by political factors, but also by economic and cultural factors. In addition to failure of negotiations, Indian tea producers suffered because of their lack of skills to make brick tea, which the Tibetans liked. As a result, the Tibetans did not like both the taste as well as the flavor of brick tea made from Indian tea. Moreover, the Chinese and Tibetans hoped to retain the profits that they received from tea trade in all the areas around Himalayas. In the late 19th century, Britain established an “Indian tea network” throughout the world, however, they failed to involve Tibet into the network. The failure identifies a traditional trade network in this area and brings to light their unwavering sociocultural preference.

著者

Sho KUWAJIMA

出版者

Center for Global Initiatives, Osaka University

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.87-109, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

著者

大阪大学地域研究フォーラム(OUFAS)

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.111-119, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

著者

秋田 茂 池田 一人 高山 正樹 宮原 曉

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.123-124, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

著者

Shiro Momoki Takeuchi Kazuhiro

出版者

Center for Global Initiatives, Osaka University

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.22-24, 2020-03-21 (Released:2020-03-21)

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This is an introduction to the special issue on university-level history education in Japan and the world, including the papers which were originally presented at the international symposium, Globalizing University History Education: Diversity, Trans-borders, and Intersectionality, held in Osaka in August 2019. After the symposium, the organizing committee selected six papers, representing major outcomes of the discussions, for publication in the Bulletin of Asia-Pacific Studies. It appears to be time to discuss university education, in which humanities and foreign/area/regional studies are required to cope with various issues including historical ones in the globalizing world. What kind of handling of history education is possible or impossible for us? In what way are universities working on the common issue of the world? We believe these six papers are the most successful ones in dealing with global issues through specific case studies.

著者

Shigeru Akita

出版者

Center for Global Initiatives, Osaka University

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.25-41, 2020-03-21 (Released:2020-03-21)

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Osaka University is one of the key research universities in Japan, and the Graduate School of Letters (Humanities) has received research funds under ‘21st Century Center for Excellence’ and ‘Global Center for Excellence’ programs of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). The Department of World History is the hub of global history studies in Japan as well as in Asia, and it hosted the First International Congress of the Asian Association of World Historians (AAWH) in May 2009. The Department is conducting four global history research projects: (1) Silk Road and Central Eurasian world history, (2) Maritime Asian history, (3) History of the Chinese Empire, and (4) World-System from Asian perspectives. The Asian History Section of the Department of World History at Osaka University has a longstanding tradition of archival research in a number of languages: Turkish, Mongol, Tibetan, Manchurian, and of course, Chinese, regarding ‘Inner’ Asia (now often called ‘Central Eurasia’). In the last two decades, the study of Asian Maritime history focusing on the East and South China Seas, and partly involving researchers from the Japanese History Major, has also gained importance. Under the influence of these two leading research groups, studies in Chinese and Japanese histories, which are dominant in the historical discipline in Japan besides ‘Western History’, have shifted their regional investigative focus away from the conventional ‘East Asia’ perspective (essentially China, Korea and Japan) and towards a broader and more flexible area of ‘Eastern Eurasia’ including maritime regions. As a result, polygonal collaborations among scholars working on Central Eurasia, China, Japan, and Maritime Asia (including Southeast Asia) are developing. Valuable methodological and analytical connections could be established between archival research and field surveys, and between perspectives on global relationships and the micro-analysis of local societies.

著者

Masaki Mukai

出版者

Center for Global Initiatives, Osaka University

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.48-65, 2020-03-21 (Released:2020-03-21)

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The aim of this paper is to show how individual research can provide case studies for university-level global history courses (e.g., World History from Global Perspectives) based on the example of a recent field of historical study, Maritime Asian history. Inevitably, it discusses why research groups at Osaka University can assume the role of case study providers for university-level global history. Accordingly, this paper firstly describes the activities of unique research groups in recent years, with particular focus on Osaka University. The Research Group on Maritime Asian History (Kaiiki ajia shi kenkyukai, Kaiikiken) constitutes one of the most active branches of Handai shigaku (Historical Studies at Osaka University). They are well known for their early work in global history research and education in Japan (Minamizuka, 2009; Mukai, 2009). As I was a member of this research group and several projects related to Handai shigaku, this paper refers primarily to content-based contributions for the Global History program at Osaka University with additional references to contributions to projects at the University of Tokyo and Doshisha University that were of particular interest to me. A common theme in this paper relates to the current circumstances surrounding Japanese universities that have been encouraged to “globalize” their educational content. Essentially, most of them have been offering inflexible nationstate-oriented curricula that were too rigid to efficiently incorporate contemporary global issues. This concern goes beyond the pedagogy specialists in the education departments of national universities because the modernization of educational programs to include globalization is also crucial for the survival of the humanities and social science departments in research universities. The sharp decline of 18-year-olds in the population of Japan is likely to cause an existential crisis in universities as the raison d'être of humanities and social sciences departments has been seriously questioned by society. These programs are criticized for being ineffective for analyzing contemporaneous globalization themes and trends. How is this adaptation possible for researchers of historical studies who are also responsible for education in their universities? To answer this question, I chose the topic of the “historical diaspora in Maritime Asia.” As my principal research field, it concerns the history of the Muslim diaspora in pre-modern Maritime Asia.

著者

Jun Iwai

出版者

Center for Global Initiatives, Osaka University

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.66-71, 2020-03-21 (Released:2020-03-21)

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The purpose of this paper is to introduce the current state of history education in local universities by referring to the case of Shizuoka University. In recent years, the study and value of the humanities have come under growing pressure and debate in Japan. Many Japanese universities face a decrease in the number of professors and research funds in the humanities, including history departments. In national universities, the number of professors of the humanities are rapidly decreasing compared with the number of professors of the natural sciences. This problem is more serious in local universities than large-scale research universities. In these difficult conditions, how did we deal with history education at our university? In this paper, I will focus on two points. First, I will examine the situation of local universities by referring to the case of Shizuoka University and present the process we took to reform undergraduate history education. However, there was a limit to how far the history curriculum could be reformed, as each year Shizuoka University faced a decrease in professors and research funds. Therefore, secondly, I discuss how we set up a new society of history education, which was supported by other faculty members and high school teachers. The Society of History Education in Shizuoka (静岡歴史教育研究会) was established in 2010. I will consider the role played by the Society in bridging history research and history education, combining the efforts of high schools and Shizuoka University, and integrating Japanese History and World History into society.

著者

Kazuhiro Takeuchi

出版者

Center for Global Initiatives, Osaka University

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.72-79, 2020-03-21 (Released:2020-03-21)

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When entering the center of Athens, we first see the Hellenic Parliament once served as the palace of Kings Otto and George I. Then, along Panepistimiou Street, there are many historical buildings: Numismatic Museum (housed in the mansion of Heinrich Schliemann), Archaeological Society at Athens, Bank of Greece, and ‘the Trilogy’ of neo-classical buildings including Academy of Athens, University of Athens, and National Library of Greece. Most of all, the University of Athens played a significant role in the modernization of Greece in terms of human resource development as well as symbolism in the capital landscape. Well, what kind of role is the University of Athens playing in history education in Greece of today? How is it placed in the European and global contexts? In this paper, I analyze some characteristics of history education at the University of Athens, with a particular focus on the context of archaeology in Greece. In what follows, after an overview of the university (1), I will illustrate briefly the undergraduate curriculum (2) and the additional postgraduate programs (3) at the Department of History and Archaeology in the School of Philosophy. Then, within the framework of history and archaeology education in Greece, the activities of foreign schools in Athens will be highlighted (4). Finally, I will draw attention to the current situation of archaeological research and teaching in Greece under the global financial crisis (5).

著者

Susanne Popp

出版者

Center for Global Initiatives, Osaka University

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.80-86, 2020-03-21 (Released:2020-03-21)

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This article on history education at German universities does not offer a detailed analysis of its relevant structures, but only a very brief sketch (1). Instead, it places a special focus on the theoretical concepts of ‘historical consciousness’ and ‘historical culture’ (2). These concepts have not only played an important role for the education of future history teachers at German universities for thirty years, but has also gained considerable prominence in cultural studies-oriented historical research and teaching in Germany (‘cultural turn’). In addition, it shows a rather close connection to the newly established master’s programmes in ‘public history’ (3), which have been expanding history education at German universities for a number of years and are still on the rise.

著者

アジア太平洋論叢編集委員会

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.87, 2020-03-21 (Released:2020-03-21)

著者

赤木 攻

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.1-2, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)