著者

高垣 里衣

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.147-169, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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This article aims to provide new research viewpoints on the transpacific trade of the Spanish empire in the second half of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century. Generally, the economic impact of the Spanish empire in the global economy declined until the end of the seventeenth century because Spain was defeated in the race for colonies. As the previous works showed, the main research subject is the Manilla Galleon trade between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. However, Spain still had colonies in the Pacific connected by trade in the second half of the eighteenth century and the nineteenth century. Why did the research not focus on the trading system of the Spanish empire at the turn of the period from the Early Modern Period to the Modern Period? Based on this question, this article discusses the four following topics. The first chapter highlights the problem of research about the Spanish empire in the field of global history. Second, this article introduces the Manilla Galleon trade in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Next, it delineates the new trade system from the second half of the eighteenth century, searching for a new trade route around the Cape of Good Hope. Lastly, it discusses the Royal Philippine Company’s activities. The author focuses on the province of Guipúzcoa people in the Basque Country, the northern part of Spain, as the key members of the company. However, several subjects remain to be considered. For example, (1) the roles of Lima, El Callao (Peru), Santiago de Chile, and Valparaíso (Chile) in the transpacific trade should be examined. These commercial cities were influential on the Pacific coast of Latin America. (2) Furthermore, the linkage between the east coast of Latin America and Asia was overlooked, although it was a significant trade of the Royal Philippine Company. (3) Who participated in the transpacific trade? What was their social class? Where did the participants of the trade originate from? What kind of trade did they engage in besides transpacific trade? (4) We must research the contact or relationships both inside and outside of the empire. This contact remains unclear regarding many port cities and merchants in the Indian Sea. This article will contribute to world history by delineating the presence of the Spanish empire as one of the leading actors in the eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries.

著者

池田 一人

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.21-32, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

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The Myanmar military seized power in a coup in February 2021. Senior General Min Aung Hlaing justified the takeover by alleging extensive voter fraud in the 2020 general election. The coup soon provoked an immense popular protest in Myanmar comparable to the 8888 and the 2007 Safran uprisings. The revival of military regime is now a serious worry after having a civilian rule since 2011. This article attempts to evaluate the meaning of this ten years.

著者

今村 真央

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.251-254, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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While the number of military dictatorships deploying public violence has decreased around the world in the past three decades, Myanmar’s junta remains an exception. Now into its seventh decade, it seems determined to rule the country indefinitely by inflicting fear and violence upon the citizens. What explains the remarkable resilience and brutality? This essay suggests that we look for answers in the unique dynamics of the country’s ethnic conflict.

著者

秋田 茂

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.3-21, 2023-03-31 (Released:2023-03-30)

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This article reconsiders the progress of the ‘Green Revolution’ or agricultural development in India in the 1970s and its relation to the oil crises. How could India achieve de-facto self-sufficiency in food production in the 1970s given the critical constraints of the oil crises? What factors contributed to the progress of agricultural development in the 1970s? In the middle of the 1960s, India managed to overcome a serious ‘food crisis’ through international aid, especially US food-aid under PL480. During this crisis, the Indian government changed policy priorities regarding economic development, turning from heavy industrialization to agricultural development. However, in 1973-74, India faced another critical economic situation, which led to the shortage of the most basic requisite for agricultural development: chemical fertilizers, a major product of the petrochemical industries. How could the Indian government overcome this shortage given the global economic crisis? The author pays attention to external economic aid to India, especially from the World Bank group (the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development: IBRD and the International Development Association: IDA), led by its President Robert McNamara [1968-1981]. After the First Oil Crisis, India quickly overcame a critical economic situation by expanding exports and invisible incomes. India recorded exceptionally favourable balance of trades between 1974-75 and 1976-77. This steady growth again suddenly reversed in 1979 at the time of the Second Oil Crisis. At this critical juncture, Indian government skillfully took advantage of the largest lending of the IMF and maintained a unique independent stance against the ‘Structural Adjustment’ policies.

著者

彌吉 惠子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.3-20, 2020-03-21 (Released:2020-03-21)

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Since the early ’90s, Italy has accommodated migrants from all over the world who often regard Italy as a transit country rather than a place where they will settle permanently. Italian clinicians recognize that providing appropriate mental health services to these migrants is difficult because of the great diversity of their origin countries and motives for migration. Additionally, there is little possibility of their becoming Italian citizens. The methods for treating mental illness among non-Western patients often differs from modern Western methods, but it is nearly impossible to fully understand migrants’ cultural differences because of the wide variety of cultures among patients at the clinic. Moreover, working toward a patient’s social inclusion as a means of treatment may be inefficient when they are not willing to become an Italian citizen. To tackle these problems, clinicians refer to French ethnopsychiatry proposed by Tobie Nathan, wherein any discourse, including the patient’s traditional etiologic theory, is accommodated and used in a complementary way. The aim of this study is to show how therapists use ethnopsychiatry in Italy by examining mainly their statements on the use of patient’s discourse, such as witchcraft discourse. The findings suggest that ethnopsychiatry can help identify how migrants confront their own mental illnesses and can transcend the limits of modern Western mental health practices. Therefore, it may be argued that the use of ethnopsychiatry can emancipate therapists from the scheme of conventional mental health practices and assist them in developing an adequate treatment method for each migrant.

著者

河合 洋尚 呉 雲霞

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.171-184, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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Most Chinese in northern Vietnam emigrated overseas, primarily because of the Chinese Exclusion Movement in the late 1970s. This paper is based on fieldwork in northern Vietnam and Overseas Chinese State Farms, investigating six households with a northern Vietnamese background: Four Cantonese Chinese in Haiphong and two Hakka Ngai in overseas Chinese farms. It reports on the migration of Chinese from northern Vietnam and the global networks they formed in the places they migrated to, analyzing why some Chinese chose to remain in northern Vietnam and the motivations of those Chinese who left northern Vietnam to maintain communication with the land they left.

著者

彭 雨新

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.135-146, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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This article focuses on the experience of a short stay in Beijing by the Korean writer Kim Sa-ryang(1914-1950?)on his way to escape from Japan and head for the Taihang Mountain region of China to participate in the Anti-Japanese revolution in 1945. According to the records of the Japanese writer Nakazono Eisuke, in May 1945, Kim Sa-ryang, who was about to leave the Japanese-occupied area, chanced to meet Nakazono, who was then a reporter of the Beijing Japanese newspaper East Asian News, at the Beijing Hotel. The two drank freely and talked deeply all night, which left an indelible mark in Nakazono's wartime memory and literary career. Kim Sa-ryang was a very important and special Korean writer in wartime Japan and his Japanese novel In the Light (1939) was once nominated for the Akutagawa Prize. He went to China's liberated areas to participate in the Anti-Japanese revolution in 1945, and reportedly died in the Korean War in 1950. Although Kim Sa-ryang and Nakazono Eisuke only talked for one night in Beijing, the latter had been repeatedly writing about the former in his novels, essays and memoirs from the early postwar period to the 2000s. Therefore, this article will comprehensively review the writings of Kim Sa-ryang by Nakazono Eisuke, analyze the image of Kim Sa-ryang described by Nakazono Eisuke by making reference to the relevant discussions of Korean literature researchers and literary critics Ahn Woosik and Paek Cheol, and then explore the heterogeneous “Korean experience” obtained by Nakazono Eisuke as a witness of the “All Black Age” in the history of literature in enemy-occupied Beijing.

著者

呉 穎濤

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.3-20, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

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Abstract This essay addresses the problem of memory and forgetting in Chu Tien-hsin's novella “The Old Capital.” In “The Old Capital,” the heroine called “you” is a second-generation mainlander in Taiwan. With the transition of power from mainlander government to inlander government, the heroine has to face the problem of erasure of memory due to the political manipulation in the name of “localization” by the inlander government. This essay reads the heroine's status of existence illustrated in “The Old Capital” by using the critique of place-basedness, a key concept in Sinophone studies. Place-basedness refers to the complex but unique history of Taiwan as a place that allows pluralistic imagination of its inhabitants. By showing both the cultural and political sides of the heroine's peculiar status of existence in Taipei, which is as a minor within the periphery of the greater China, this essay aims to shed light on the tactics of historical narrative of individuals who cannot be identified by relatively stable concepts based on the discourse of “Chineseness,” such as nationalism and languages, thereby providing insight, namely tactics of political intervention of memory and identity formation, into understanding of minor Sinophone literatures.

著者

敖 夢玲

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.275-297, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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This essay is a case study about Cantonese-Filipinos in Cebu, Philippines. The essay discusses boundary permeability of Cantonese-Filipinos based on their life stories. Data was gathered from fieldwork conducted in Cebu in 2019. Using life stories of Cantonese-Filipino as examples, the essay focuses on how ethnic Chinese can be called Cantonese-Filipinos, and how they are able to distinguish “the others” through this boundary. Based on the narratives of life stories of Cantonese-Filipinos, we are able to find out that the boundary of Cantonese-Filipino is permeable. For one thing, the category of “Cantonese-Filipino” is flexible and this can be expanded and shrined according to situation. Also, if the influence of the “subordination” of identity of Chinese females, the “impurity” of Chinese-mestizos, and the principle of “place-of-birth-centrism” are considered, the boundary of Cantonese-Filipinos can be crossed. In conclusion, the boundary between the category of “Cantonese-Filipinos” and the others is permeable, less emphasizing of internal characteristics, and more susceptible to external influences.

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.299-310, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

著者

秋田 茂 池田 一人 高山 正樹 宮原 曉

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.313-314, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

著者

林 貴哉 宮原 曉

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.185-206, 2022-03-26 (Released:2022-03-26)

参考文献数

31

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This essay analyzes “The Decade of a Vietnamese Refugee Girl” written in Japanese by Tran Ngoc Lan, a Chinese Vietnamese who was accepted into a refugee by Japanese government. Lan has been using multiple languages including “Mandarin,” “Cantonese,” “Hainanese,” “Vietnamese,” and “Japanese” in her life in a complex and interrelated manner. Lan also identifies herself as a “Chinese-Vietnamese,” a “boat people,” and a “Vietnamese-born Japanese of Chinese descent”. In order to capture Lan's experience of living in a contact zone of multiple languages, this essay considers “The Decade of a Vietnamese Refugee Girl” as a minor literature. First, this essay took up four scenes: her life in Vietnam, her exile at sea after escaping from Vietnam, her junior high school life that she transferred to immediately after coming to Japan, and her participation in university entrance examinations in Japan, and analyzed how literacy of Han writing have become a sort of “passport” for Lan, who has been confronted with local spoken languages. She was born and raised in Chinatown in Saigon. Speaking Hainanese and Cantonese as first languages, she experienced exclusion from the “national” spoken language, Vietnamese, in her life in Vietnam. Before leaving Vietnam, she prepared herself to pronounce her brother's address in Japan in Japanese. This provided her with emotional support when she left Vietnam by boat. After coming to Japan, she was confronted with a new spoken language, Japanese. At the junior high school she attended after arriving in Japan, she entered the Japanese curriculum based on her literacy in kanji, the written language. However, when it came to university entrance exams in Japan, Japanese as a spoken language again prevented her from entering the university of her choice. Lan was excluded from various local voices, such as Vietnamese and Japanese, through her mobility in the contact zone of multiple languages. She was not fully accepted in either place. On the other hand, the Chinese characters in the middle of the various local voices were a source of strength for her. However, Lan's description of her homeland in her autobiography shows that local spoken languages are essential for expressing emotions. She desired to live in different local spoken languages. The use of these local spoken languages was also a source of comfort to her. She was trying to live with the local voice, relying on the Chinese characters. Through the analysis in this essay, we have suggested the possibility of a discussion on the medium that connects multiple local voices.

著者

宋 新亜

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.233-246, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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This essay focuses on the contemporary Chinese language education reforms carried out by the Osaka Foreign Language School in the 1930s-40s.There were two major characteristics of contemporary Chinese language education in Japan before the world warⅡ. First, contemporary Chinese language was regarded as a practical foreign language that served in commercial and military uses, because it would not help modern cultural education (Kindai Kyouyou). Secondly, modern Chinese was taught in Kundoku method. This approach not only obscured the Chinese grammatical structure, but also made lost the possibility of understanding contemporary China. In response to the problem, the members in Osaka Foreign Language School excluded the Kundoku method in contemporary Chinese language education and employed the Chinese pronunciation to teach contemporary Chinese language. Textbooks consisted of works by modern Chinese writers such as Lu Xun to help students understand the culture of contemporary China. On the other hand, teachers were actively engaged in modern Chinese language research by translating overseas research studies. Through the interaction of teaching and researching, the contemporary Chinese language teaching method was reformed, thereby establishing the foundation for understanding contemporary China.

著者

水野 光朗

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.247-249, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

著者

今村 都

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.255-264, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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In this paper, the results of the interview about Ngan with Thai migrant workers from a rural area and traditional Ngan concept in the previous study will be compared, to reveal how capitalization has changed their Ngan concept and what traditional value remains in the word. Ngan indicates work, objects of work, and rituals; the previous study explains this is because working in a rice field, obtain crops, and offer them in the ritual was always a series of events in traditional rural life. In other words, the Ngan was not just a personal activity to acquire wealth, but a system of redistribution to maintain the rural community. In order to compare with the results of the previous study, the researcher conducted a total of three weeks of observation and interviewed 21 factory workers about their life history and the meaning of Ngan in a factory in Thailand. The results of this study revealed that for contemporary migrant workers from a rural area, the context of Ngan: work, the object of work, and rituals, has become detached and more strongly indicative of wage labor, due to their geographical isolation from rural society. On the other hand, their migrant work was meant to sustain rural livelihoods through remittances to rural area and to prepare for their own rural life in the future by forming assets. Therefore, it was indicated that even today, their work is to sustain rural communities; the work is not just for individual needs. Therefore, Ngan still maintains its means “a system of redistribution to maintain rural community” though capitalization in Thailand has expanded.

著者

郭 文琪

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.265-274, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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By the case of two middle-class Chinese immigrants living in Osaka who migrated to Japan with Investor / Business Manager Visa, this article explores their experience of lifestyle migration and the multiple human networks they built to support their life, economically and socially. Contrary to previous studies that address overseas Chinese who build an intimate community based on locational proximity, the informants detached from urban life in China and refused to settle in Japan. Regarding the existing Japan-residing Chinese community, they remained connected with them while showing vigilance against them. Their emotional support came from the online communities of other Chinese living in China and Japan. By adopting multiple unstructured interviews and participant observations, the article attempted to illustrate increasing global mobility, and lifestyle migrants are not necessarily eager to keep intimate relationships with the existing migrant community. They struggled with the reciprocity required by the migrant community. The psychological distance of lifestyle migrants addresses the problems of assuming overseas Chinese community as built on trust, exchange, and a sense of belonging. On the other hand, they remained connected to the community mainly because of human networks enabled by people from the same country.

著者

赤木 攻

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.1-2, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

著者

三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.4-8, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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With the introduction of the “Reform and Opening-up Policy” in 1978, China has entered a new period of social transition, but the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization has increased the burden on the environment, and serious environmental pollution has spread throughout China. Although the central government has made it clear that it is aiming for a drastic solution to the environmental problems that are becoming increasingly serious, and is actively strengthening its policies, the uniform implementation of these policies has had a not insignificant impact on people's lives and has caused further problems. In particular, we would like to focus on the fact that although it has been pointed out that modern Chinese society has entered a “risk society,” it is derived from a “compressed modernity,” unlike the modernization of the West. Since contemporary China is in a situation where “government-led environmental governance” has been formed, most of the previous studies have discussed the issue from the macro-relationship of “state and society,” either from an external perspective based on international relations surrounding China, or in response to China's own system. In this special issue, therefore, we would like to focus on environmental issues in globalizing China and look at the structural challenges of governance in response to these issues from unique political, economic, and social perspectives. At the same time, we would like to pay particular attention to the life practices and activities of people living through the drastic social transition in China. We compiled this special issue in the midst of the unprecedented two-year COVID-19 pandemic, and we hope that 7 papers in this special issue will convey to our readers the importance of reexamining the issues from the perspective of people living in each region.

著者

金 吉男 小林 清治

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.9-24, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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Two anti-incineration movements that happened in the Peoples’ Republic of China have two different characteristics. The K city conflict is aggressive, and the G city movement is peaceful. Nonetheless, both in the two movements, recognitional justice, procedural justice, and distributional justice were broken. One dimension break leads to another and finally forms a chain of environmental injustice. Few of the former studies analyze environmental injustice from structural injustice theory, and this paper attempts to clarify the causes of environmental injustice in China from this perspective. This paper argues that the current waste policy of local governments in China is a choice made based on several objective constraints, such as the actual status of waste disposal and the policy from the central government. Incineration priority policy and incineration for 100% disposal policy have made local government consider a benefit-oriented position, building large-scale incineration complex. This position enhances local government reproducing the unfair structure between the beneficial sphere and costly sphere and finally causes an unintended chain of environmental injustice.

著者

張 曼青 胡 毓瑜 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.25-43, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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With the rapid urbanization and mobility of farmers in China, some farmers are beginning to migrate to the cities. In addition, there is a phenomenon of so-called “outlawed” agriculture, where despite moving to the cities, they continue to cultivate public spaces such as lawns, green belts on roads, and vacant lots to grow vegetables for their own use. This study focused on the phenomenon of the “outlawed” agriculture in public spaces of in the center of the country. It was confirmed that even if some Chinese farmers left the land or their hometown, they would not leave the agriculture. This study clarified that they made an effort to continue cultivating vegetables with a traditional farming method, like actively maintaining the use of fertilizers of their acquaintances by utilizing their previous experience even if they move their living space to the city due to extrinsic factors. Farmers continue with agriculture because they reconstruct “agricultural connection” and reconfirm one's identity through the “outlawed” agriculture. This phenomenon is more likely to occur in county towns, because county towns are very close to rural area physically and psychologically.