著者

Yudai Kaneda Kenzo Takahashi Akihiko Ozaki Tetsuya Tanimoto

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01006, (Released:2023-07-16)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2

---

The “Hiroshima Vision”, unveiled at the G7 Hiroshima Summit in 2023, leaves room for enhancement in the specific content of equitable global vaccine distribution plans. Despite the efforts of COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX), vaccine supply faces severe disparities, with high-income countries receiving a disproportionately larger share. To mitigate future public health crises, mechanisms proven by past instances, such as establishing regional vaccine hubs, promoting technology transfers, and considering early patent rights relinquishment, need to be implemented. Correcting vaccine inequity necessitates learning from the COVID-19 pandemic and demands global cooperation and consensus from the G7.

著者

Aya Tanaka Linka Koun Rei Haruyama Kyna Uy Maryan Chhit Lumpiny Kim Noriko Fujita Yutaka Osuga Tadashi Kimura Kanal Koum

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.01002, (Released:2023-06-18)

参考文献数

21

---

The clinical features of newly diagnosed cervical cancer in Cambodia are poorly documented. We aimed to describe the histologic type and stage distributions of newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients at the Khmer Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh, which is one of the two national cancer centers in Cambodia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the Gynecologic Test Registry of the gynecology department between January and December 2019. In 2019, 351 women were histologically diagnosed with cervical cancer, representing approximately one-third of the estimated total cases occurring in the country. The mean age at presentation was 54.7 years. The histologic type distribution was largely consistent with other Asian countries, with squamous cell carcinoma accounting for 83.8%, followed by adenocarcinoma (15.4%). Among 309 patients with recorded staging information, 57.6% were advanced-stage cancers (i.e. stage IIB or higher). Raising awareness of early symptoms of cervical cancer, increasing access to cancer diagnosis, and better recording of patients’ clinical information are important to improve cervical cancer management in Cambodia.

著者

Eiichi Shimizu Yuta Yokobori Kazuki Miyazaki Kaori Ohara Megumi Fujii Tomoko Nishioka Noriko Fujita

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.01008, (Released:2022-11-04)

参考文献数

20

---

The introduction of health products to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is hindered by several barriers. Even when these barriers are overcome, improper use of health products can have a negative effect on health outcomes. Health products may go unused due to a mismatch of product needs as well as a lack of public infrastructure, spare parts and consumables, or trained technicians. This study presents a comprehensive framework of the essential steps for effectively delivering quality health products to people in need based on our document reviews and case studies. We divide the value chain of health products into seven steps: 1) situation analysis, 2) research and development, 3) regulatory authorization, 4) selection and prioritization, 5) public procurement, 6) distribution and storage, and 7) health service delivery. We find that the practice of undertaking one step at a time leads to enormous costs in terms of time and resources, often with little success. Failed attempts sometimes necessitate starting over from the beginning. Therefore, it is important to attempt each step while looking ahead to the end through the entire chain of seven steps. More in-depth analysis and lessons from best practices for each of the seven steps may need to be investigated further to consider possible interventions.

著者

Mami Wakabayashi Yasunori Ichimura Eiichi Shimizu Tomoko Nishioka Yuzuru Kono Masahiko Doi Yuriko Egami Tomoka Kadowaki Hiroyasu Iso Noriko Fujita

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01032, (Released:2022-02-26)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

The World Health Organization (WHO) has been utilizing Emergency Use Listing (EUL) to expand access to medical products during the COVID-19 pandemic. EUL is a risk-based procedure for assessing and listing unlicensed vaccines, medicine, and in vitro diagnostics. To determine whether Japanese medical products acquired EUL relating to COVID-19, we conducted desk research as a part of a new project. Results showed that thirteen of twenty-eight in vitro diagnostic products were from China and three of ten vaccines on EUL were from India. However, only one vaccine manufactured in Japan was on EUL. A common weakness of Japanese companies in the global public procurement market was a lack of knowledge on qualification systems for medical products. We hypothesized holistic approaches from private companies and systematic supports from public sectors are required for a response to an emergency. These activities could lead to contribute to global health issues through sustainable businesses.

著者

Mami Wakabayashi Satoshi Ezoe Makiko Yoneda Yasushi Katsuma Hiroyasu Iso

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01029, (Released:2021-11-08)

参考文献数

37

---

Ensuring equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines for all people has been challenging, hence, establishing relevant vaccination policies is required. This study delineates how vaccination policies have affected equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines. A situation survey was conducted in 201 countries and territories through 156 Japanese diplomatic missions abroad to capture the global state of COVID-19 vaccination policies. Questionnaire responses were received from 159 states (79%) as of March 31, 2021, and data from Japan were incorporated into the analysis. All questionnaire items were open-ended, covering the vaccines in use and five vaccination policies such as vaccine eligibility. Results reveal that first, 81 states (51% out of 160) had not started vaccinations as of February 24, 2021, but by March 31, this number had decreased dramatically to 37 (23%); in particular, the number of states in Africa without vaccination decreased from 40 to 16. Second, 43 (27%) states did not recommend the vaccine for pregnant women. Third, the vaccine was free of charge to the public in 116 states (73%), and 43 states (27%) offered no-fault compensation. Finally, vaccination was voluntary in 124 states (78%). In conclusion, the number of countries that had started vaccination increased by March 2021, especially in Africa, although many African countries seemed to lack access to the mRNA vaccine. To fix the uneven distribution, dose donations were accelerated since middle of July. Reviewing worldwide vaccine policies is useful not only for this pandemic but also to strengthen vaccination systems for preparedness for the next pandemic.

著者

Aya Ishizuka Mina Chiba Hiroyasu Iso Yasushi Katsuma

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021.01006, (Released:2021-09-29)

参考文献数

50

---

The Group of 20 (G20) Osaka Summit in 2019 was a large step forward for global health diplomacy to build consensus on universal health coverage (UHC). To strengthen multi-stakeholder UHC partnership, Japan involved the research and policy advice network for G20 (Think 20: T20), civil society (Civil 20: C20), private initiatives of medical professional groups (H20), and the pharmaceutical sector. We attempted to identify UHC-related issues addressed and left unaddressed at the G20 Osaka, to bring lessons for future G20. We reviewed the G20 Osaka Leaders' Declaration, policy-related statements, and voices of the relevant G20 engagement groups and sectors. In July 2019, after the G20 Osaka Leaders' Summit, we organized an expert meeting convening Japan-based UHC-related key global health stakeholders. This review provides record of main findings presented in form of classifying the voices expressed in the meeting by UHC-related topics, and definitional ranges of UHC summarized. The T20, H20, and the pharmaceutical sector noted during our expert meeting that the ministerial-level health-finance collaboration was one of the key agendas suggested at the G20. T20 and C20 called for a recognition of health needs of refugees, migrants and other vulnerable groups in achieving UHC. Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) with a human rights-based approach through UHC was raised by the C20 as an issue unaddressed in G20 Osaka. Variation in operative purposes between global health stakeholders led to a definitional difference in the scope of UHC. The definitional difference could delay progress of UHC attainment. Addressing migrant and refugee health and SRHR within the context of UHC is further needed. Understanding perspectives of various stakeholders will become increasingly important to well-coordinate multi-actor cooperation with adequate social responsibility and transparency in UHC achievement and public-private partnership. In future G20, for UHC in the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic worlds there is need of i) ensuring an integrated yet comprehensive multi-stakeholder approach towards UHC; ii) incorporating important dimensions such as the marginalized population and gender; and iii) ensuring adequate investments toward health information systems and governance to track health data for the vulnerable population and gender-responsive financing.

著者

M. Ibrahim Hossain Esha Binte Shahriar Anamika Sarker Nafisa Lubna Mehjabeen Haque Md. Ibrahim Khalil

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.12-19, 2021-08-29 (Released:2021-09-01)

参考文献数

68

---

The world is now facing one of the most devastating public health concern where the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading all over the world initiating from Wuhan, China, started from December, 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) already announced the situation as pandemic all over the world. According to the webpage of WHO, this SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading all over the world (223 countries, areas or territories) with 126,890,643 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 2,778,619 confirmed deaths (as of March 30, 2021). Accumulated published documents indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily affects the lungs causing hypoxia, which is the leading cause of death. There are many reports describing that with the progress of this disease, many other organs (such as heart, kidney, liver, brain) of the affected person start to malfunction. Though SARS-CoV-2 uses the cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expressed by lungs, cardiovascular system, and kidneys but it is still not clear except for lungs that all these other organs are directly affected by this virus or not. Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather informations about affected/damaged organs or tissues and consequences of this damage in COVID-19 patients.

著者

Ryotaro Bouchi Kazuo Izumi Hiroshi Ohtsu Kengo Miyo Shigeho Tanaka Noriko Satoh-Asahara Kazuo Hara Masato Odawara Yoshiki Kusunoki Hidenori Koyama Takeshi Onoue Hiroshi Arima Kazuyo Tsushita Hirotaka Watada Takashi Kadowaki Kohjiro Ueki

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.3-11, 2021-08-29 (Released:2021-09-01)

参考文献数

30

---

The use of the Internet-of-Things has improved glycemic control in individuals with diabetes in several small-scale studies with a short follow-up period. This large-scale randomized controlled trial investigates whether a smartphone-based self-management support system prevents the worsening of glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Individuals with type 2 diabetes (age range 20-74 years; n = 2,000) will be recruited, enrolled, and randomly assigned to two groups: the intensive therapy group and the conventional therapy group. Participants in the intensive therapy group will be supervised to use an automated Internet-of-Things system that demonstrates a summary of lifelogging data (e.g., weight, blood pressure, and daily activities) obtained from each measurement device and will receive feedback messages via smartphone applications to encourage them to increase their physical activity and to monitor weight and blood pressure. Participants in the conventional therapy group are allowed to use the same measurement devices as part of the routine diabetes care but without the Internet-of-Things system. The primary endpoint is the between-group difference in HbA1c levels from baseline to 52 weeks. This randomized controlled study will test the hypothesis that an Internet-of-Things-based self-monitoring system could effectively prevent the worsening of diabetes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The expected results of the study should facilitate the development of novel strategies for both diabetes treatment and social health.

著者

Norihiro Kokudo

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.1-2, 2021-08-29 (Released:2021-09-01)

参考文献数

7

---

To generate high-quality evidence and serve as a platform for interdisciplinary communication regarding challenging issues in global health and medicine, we are launching a new open-access multispecialty journal — GHM Open (www.ghmopen.com) – with the goal of creating a network to share global health information and findings from basic science and clinical science for use in practice. GHM Open will be an inclusive and global journal; the diversity of our editorial board, authors, and reviewers will allow us to showcase rich and wide-ranging content, making it ever more relevant to researchers and clinicians around the world. The journal prioritizes specialized research with wider general relevance that will influence clinical care, global health, public health, medical education, and the direction of future research. We aim to be relevant, accessible, and enjoyable, not only to researchers but also to global health and medical care providers. We sincerely look forward to having you join us as a reader, author, reviewer, or editorial board member to address challenging issues in global health and medicine.

著者

Yukari Isaka Ai Hori Takahiro Tabuchi Sumiyo Okawa Masao Ichikawa

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.38-39, 2021-08-29 (Released:2021-09-01)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

---

Home-visit services are provided to families with newborns as means of parenting support. These services potentially are playing major roles during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, where people have been socially isolated. However, the pandemic has deterred the use of this service to some extent. From the Japan "COVID-19 and Society" Internet Survey, we identified that 15% of the survey respondents who delivered between January 2020 and October 2020 refused home visit services. The proportion of the services used during the pandemic (85%) was lower than those used before the pandemic (95%). Home-visit services provide a unique opportunity for public health nurses to assess the risk of postpartum depression and child maltreatment in the family; thus, families with newborns should be instructed to receive home-visit services as well as child immunization and health checkups, despite the continuation of the pandemic.

著者

Akihiko Nishikimi Masayo Kojima Ken Watanabe Atsushi Watanabe Mikako Yasuoka Hironori Oshima Haruhiko Tokuda Shumpei Niida

出版者

National Center for Global Health and Medicine

雑誌

GHM Open (ISSN:2436293X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.40-42, 2021-08-29 (Released:2021-09-01)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2

---

To achieve effective prevention and control strategies for COVID-19, regular survey of seroprevalence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential. Using four serological tests, we examined the residual sera collected in an annual medical checkup of the staff members of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology in Aichi Prefecture, Central Japan in June 2020. Of the 631 samples, two were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in at least two tests, showing a seroprevalence of 0.32%. Four subjects showed positive results in only one test. All individuals were asymptomatic and had not been in close contact with patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Multiple antibody tests could be used to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection including individuals without COVID-19 symptoms.